418 
Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 28, 1920 »* 
and produce satin finish fruit by using 
ORCHARD BRAND 
Arsenate of Lead 
in combination with 
B.T.S # or Atomic Sulphur 
Let our experts tell you how to control 
Codling Moth, Curculio, Canker Worm, Apple 
Blotch, Leaf Spot, Brown ^Rot, Bitter Rot and 
Blotch, by spraying. 
Orchard Brand B. T. S. is a dry product, with no leakage or 
wastage, less bulk and more easily handled than Lime Sulphur 
Solution. You have less freight to pay and will find it more 
satisfactory in every way. A 100-lb. keg of B. T. S. is the 
equivalent in all spraying operations of a 50-gallon barrel of 
Lime Sulphur Solution weighing about 600 lbs. Orchard Brand 
Atomic Sulphur is a highly efficient fungicide for the control of 
apple scab, brown rot of peaches and other stone fruits, apple 
mildew and rust diseases. 
FREE SERVICE BUREAU 
We are cooperating with \fruit grozvers every¬ 
where. Put your spraying problems up to us. 
Correspondence is invited. Our advice and 
directions are given free. • Write us direct. We 
answer spraying inquiries personally. Get your 
name on our mailing list to receive the season¬ 
able spraying pointers and information we 
are sending out. Address as below. 
General Chemical? 
Insecticide Dept., 25 Broad St., New York 
1 
Imp. Dwarf Blueberry (Huckleberry) 
L arge, luscious—almost seedless. Yields abundant¬ 
ly without special culture—very hardy. 
Also the best Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackber¬ 
ries, etc. Fruit, Nut and Ornamental Trees, hlu iins. 
Vines, Roses, Hedge Plants and Garden Roots. Oui 
descriptive Catalog No. 1 gives details. It is FREIC. 
J.T. k L0VETT, Inc., Box 162 , Little Silver,!*. J. 
Berry Specialists for 4H yean. 
A NEW STRAWBERRY 
The “ST. MARTIN” 
Awarded Silver Medal and 9 cash prizes by Massachusetts 
Hoiticultural Society. Delicious flavor; rich, deep, red 
clear to center. Holds large size to last picking. It St. 
Martin's heaped fruit basket at 24tli picking of season. 
Undoubtedly linest all-around Strawberry in existence. 
After eleven years faithful proving, this remarkable 
Strawberry now for sale. For Free Descriptive Circular, write to 
LOUIS GRATON, Originator and Sole Owner 
305 Bedlord Street, WHITMAN, MASS. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
All leading varieties, including the hestof the Ever. 
bearing Kinds. ASPARAGUS ROOTS and TOMATO 
SEEDS. QUALITY BEST. Prices reasonable. Catalogue 
Free. V.R. ALLEN, Grower and Distributor,Seaford, Delaware 
W ANTED— 3.600 CONCORD GRAPE VINES 
Edward L. Clarkson - Tivoli-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
Bndded Nut Trees of large thin shelled nuts. 
Best Hardy Northern varieties. Catalog free. 
INDIANA NUT NURSERY, Box 55 Rockport, Indiana 
B IG MONEY IN KERRIES. Strawberry, Black¬ 
berry and Raspberry plants. Rhubarb and Aspara¬ 
gus roots. Potato seed. Cat. free. M. H. B0RG0, Vineland. N. J. 
icon s SWEET CLOVER 
Ten dollars cheaper than Red and the best 
substitute. Fits right into the rotation. Ask 
• V for our catalogue telling ‘‘How to Know 
■ Good Seed" and sweet clover chart explain- 
* n F all about this wonderful plant. 
0. M. SCOTT & SONS CO., 470 Main St., Marysville, 0. 
J 
NUT ORCHARDS PAY BIG! 
Nut trees require less care than fruit 
trees ; you do not have to spray nut 
trees, and pruning amounts to nothing. 
Profits in nut orchards are large. 
My Nut Catalog will be sent Jree to your 
addres* if you ask for it. _ It contains much 
helpful information: you'll be greatly in¬ 
terested in it. Send for it now. 
J. F. JONES, SPECIALIST 
Box R Lancaster, Penna. 
FRUIT TREES and 
BERRY PLANTS 
Buy your stock from ail 
NURSERY ESTABLISHED 1877 
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 
WRITE FOR PRICE CATALOGUE 
CALL’S NURSERIES, Box 234, PERRY, OHIO 
If you want GRAPES 
BERRIES 
PEONIES 
ROSES 
Send for Catalog 
THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES 
C.C. McKAY, Afgr. Dept. R, GENEVA, N.Y. 
■ a !!■■■■■ i 
Unuioert Un 1 7 the million dollar strawberry exolusive- 
nOWdrO no. I I ly. Free booklet explains. Buy plants of 
introducer. C. E. Chapman, North Stoninuxon, Conn. 
Pruning the Grape 
The Whole Story Plainly Told 
This Year’s Crop. —While the pruning 
for the 1920 crop has not progressed very 
far as yet, owing to the depth of snow on 
the ground, it is very evident that the 
prices returned for the 1919 crop have gone 
to the heads of some growers, as it is be¬ 
ing reflected in their pruning. So far as 
my observation goes it seems inadvisable 
to put up more fruiting buds for 1920 
than were utilized in 1919. Many vine¬ 
yards were severely taxed in maturing the 
crop of the past season, though, thanks 
to an unusually favorable maturing sea¬ 
son, a very fair yield was returned and 
a fair amount of mature eane growth was 
made. Yet) the fact remains that many 
vineyards were not plowed at all the past 
season ; these produced fruit all out of 
proportion to their vigor and as a conse¬ 
quence they are in no condition to bear 
a crop equal to that of the past season. 
As is frequently the case, the amount of 
cane growth is very deceiving when the 
leaves are on. and in consequence that 
made during 1919 in the average vineyard 
is not much in excess of that made in a 
so-called good year. Then, too, the ma¬ 
turity of cane in many vineyards is not 
so complete as was at first believed, owing 
to the heavy demands made by the ripen¬ 
ing of a fairly large yield. W T ith these 
facts before us there is no reasonable jus¬ 
tification in pruning longer than was done 
for the 1919 crop. In fact, in many vine¬ 
yards from which four and five-ton crops 
were harvested it would seem advisable 
to put up less buds. 
Number of Buds Carried. —It has 
been our practice for several years past to 
assume as a maximum about 50 buds for 
a Concord vine growing under good con¬ 
ditions of fertility and tilth. These buds 
may be carried on from four to five canes, 
and this number includes those carried on 
spurs retained for renewals or for the 
fruiting canes of the succeeding year. 
However, by far the larger percentage of 
the vines carry considerably less than 50. 
The average as actually counted over a 
period of years is approximately 36. The 
average number of canes carrying these 
has been less than three. There are ex¬ 
ceptional vineyards that have supported 
more than 50 buds, but these can be 
counted on the two hands. If fertility be 
supplied liberally through the use of 
stable manure or commercial fertilizers, it 
would be possible to maintain a more uni¬ 
form average from year to year. 
Source of Cane. —There ought to be a 
consideration given as to the source of 
the cane that is to be put up. By this 
is meant whether it arises from the growth 
of the preceding year or from wood older 
than two years, as from the trunk, arms 
and even from the crown. While we are 
not yet in a position to state just what 
the percentage of the buds are fruit'buds 
on the canes from wood older than two 
years, nevertheless a large number from 
such canes are wood buds, and produce 
no fruit. This is true in a greater degree 
of the canes that sucker from near the 
ground level. In view of this fact only 
canes that arise from spurs of like age on 
the arms or trunk should be put up if the 
maximum amount of fruit from a certain 
number of buds is expected. With the 
European grapes the distinction between 
fruit buds and wood buds is more marked. 
The writer is a firm believer in the practi¬ 
cability of utilizing canes in spurring, 
especially on the older wood. Through 
these much greater leeway in pruning is 
obtained and the form of the vine main¬ 
tained. Through spurring on the arms 
the tendency to lengthen them is obviated, 
since very desirable fruiting canes can be 
secured relatively close to the head of the 
vine. 
Pruning Worden. —Worden, as a rule, 
should be much shorter pruned than Con¬ 
cord, for it possesses the inherent charac¬ 
ter of greater fruitfulness. When al¬ 
lowed to overbear, it ripens its fruit un¬ 
evenly. When it is pruned moderately 
and giv*m an ample supply of readily 
available nitrogen it ripens its fruit well 
and evenly. Worden growing under con¬ 
ditions comparable with Concord should 
be pruned at least 20 buds less. That is, 
if we assume that a Concord vine grow¬ 
ing under good tilth and fertility has been 
pruned to 50 buds, including those carried 
on the spurs, Worden should be pruned to 
approximately 30 lnids. This is not as 
usually practiced, as little distinction is 
made between the pruning of Concord and 
Worden. 
Overpruning. —It is far better to err 
through overpruning than by underprun¬ 
ing. There are, however, but few who 
overprune, but rather the tendency is the 
other way. Under the present condition 
of the larger part of the vines in Western 
New York no ill effects can possibly re¬ 
sult from overpruning this season. From 
observation of many vines from widely 
scattered vineyards in this section it is 
very apparent that many growers are not 
pruning closely enough to insure a well- 
matured crop in 1920. One of the causes 
that has and is contributing to the loose 
cluster of the Concord is the underprun¬ 
ing that has been given. Grown under 
rational pruning, good tilth and ample 
fertility, Concord sets a fairly compact 
cluster, but when any one of these con¬ 
ditions is unsatisfied the cluster becomes 
a disappointment. It is not uncommon 
to hear the statement that Concord has 
deteriorated or lias “run out.’’ It can 
truthfully be said that it is being starved 
out through neglect in pruning, tillage 
and restoration of soil fertility. The 
writer has seen for several years past 
Concord grown directly from plants ob¬ 
tained from the mother‘plant at Concord. 
Mass. Grown side by side with the same 
variety obtained from the nurseryman, it 
is impossible to toll the fruit of the one 
from the other. Further, the plants of 
the one make no more nor less growth than 
that from the other. In very exceptional 
cases the vines have been so stimulated by 
close pruning and good fertilization that 
they are making an excessive growth and 
are maturing but few loose clusters, but 
those instances are very rare. In these 
instances it is, of course, advisable to 
prune longer and withhold manure or fer¬ 
tilizer applications until the readjustment 
comes, the balance restored. 
A Desirable Method. — The single- 
stem. four-cane Kniffen method of train¬ 
ing the vine lias added another point to 
its many desirable features. These have 
frequently been discussed in these col¬ 
umns. The only vineyards in the Chau¬ 
tauqua and Erie belt that have allowed of 
continuous pruning through the Winter 
are those trained to this method. With 
the Chautauqua method the growth is 
close to the ground, much of it. iu fact, 
lying on it. Consequently the snow that 
has been unusually deep this year has 
covered so much of the new growth that 
pruning has been almost totally held up 
for a month. Those growers fortunate 
enough to have vines trained to the Knif¬ 
fen are still pruning. The single-stem 
Kniffen method likewise allows greater 
flexibility in the pruning. Vines so 
trained may be pruned long or short with¬ 
out takiug into consideration the possi¬ 
bility of the cane’s length being sufficient 
to reach the middle or top wire. Canes 
of four-bud length can be utilized just as 
readily with this method as those of 10 
buds. This means a great saving of labor 
in seasons of short cane growth. 
F. E. GLADWIN. 
Pruning Neglected Vines 
IIow should I prime neglected grape¬ 
vines? Would you cut them back as se¬ 
verely as newly set or young one-year 
vines, or,leave them, say. Kniffen system 
at once, four strands cut back to two buds 
each ? o. c. d. 
Monsey, N. Y. 
The extent of pruning negeleeted vines 
can only be judged by the man on the 
ground, for the conditions under which 
these plants are growing, as to soil fer¬ 
tility. moisture conditions, etc., must be 
considered. If the vines are to be given 
good tillage following the pruning they 
will stand longer pruning than if they are 
to be negeleeted in this respect. 
Most of the neglected vines that have 
come under the writer’s observation have 
required very close pruning to bring 
them baek to any semblance of a grape¬ 
vine. Usually the old wood has length¬ 
ened greatly, while at the same time the 
annual eane growth has become short¬ 
ened. These conditions consequently ren¬ 
der it very difficult to secure any appre¬ 
ciable amount of one-year cane growth 
close to the trunk or near the grbund. If 
a number of spurs can be made from last 
year’s canes directly from the trunk, it 
would seem that the single-stem Kniffen 
method of training would offer the best 
opportunity in getting these vines back to 
the desired form. The spurs should be 
made, however, iu the vicinity of the wire 
levels, preferably below than above the 
levels. More spurs must be left than are 
actually needed to re-form the vine for 
the reason that the leaf surface must not 
be too much lessened, else the roots will 
suffer for lack of sufficient nutriment. The 
second season this excess growth can prob¬ 
ably be pruned away. F. E. G. 
The Liberty Bell 
Will you tell me how, when and where 
the old Liberty Bell of 1776 came to be 
cracked, and whether the crack was ever 
repaired? T was asked tiio question and 
I Con ssed ignorance, but as I have seen 
so many various questions asked in The 
R. N.-Y. I appeal to you for the answer. 
New York. T. S. T. 
The Liberty Bell was brought to this 
country from England in 1752 and recast 
iu Philadelphia in 1753, in April and 
•Tune, tin 1 words “Proclaim liberty through¬ 
out all the land, unto all the inhabitants 
thereof” (Lev. xxv.. 10) being then placed 
upon it. It was cracked on July 8. 1835, 
while being tolled in memory of Chief 
Justice Marshall. Until then it had been 
tolled annually on the Fourth of July. I 
cannot find any record of any attempt at 
repairing it. E. J. w. 
