882 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May I, tOliO 
Where Butter Profits 
are Made or Lost 
Y OU know better than we can tell you that the bowl of the separator is the 
place where butter profits are made or lost. Right there you have the big 
fundamental reason why over a million dollars was spent in bringing the bowl of the 
EMPIRE-BALTIC to its present state of perfection. Years of constant study and 
experiment on the part of the world’s foremost centrifugal engineers stand back of 
the EMPIRE-BALTIC—the Separator with the Million Dollar Bowl. 
And here’s what we have accomplished: A bowl that is absolutely self-centering 
and self-balancing—a bowl that is free from vibration. We have solved the 
problem of self-centering and self-balancing by the unique method in which the 
bowl rests on the flange of the spindle instead of on the top of it—it adjusts itself 
Vibration unfailingly shakes the cream back into the milk after it has been 
separated. Possibly you thought that a bowl free from vibration could 
not be manufactured. But we have accomplished it, in the 
EMPIRE-BALTIC—the Separator with the Million Dollar Bowl. 
Many other exclusive features make the EMPIRE-BALTIC stand out 
as an-above-the-ordinary separator. For instance, the rope neck-bearing 
absorbs all shocks and wear and tear—the ratchet coupling avoidsthe “jerk 
in turning" — the great simplicity of the driving arrangement means easier 
turning and smoother running—the oiling system is as simple as it is 
efficient, and so on. 
Your experience enable you to judge separators as accurately as you 
can judge cows. Knowing this, we ask you to call on the nearest 
EMPIRE-BALTIC dealer. And — write for our literature 102-S. 
Empire Cream Separator Co., Bloomfield, N. J. 
A lanufac hirers of Empire Chicago, Denver, Allanla, Toledo, Syracuse, 
Milkers and Gasoline Engines Minneapolis. SanFiuncisco, Montreal, Toronto 
The " Family Coatof Arms" 
of the leading line of Dairy 
Macliinery — EM PIR E. 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. M inkier 
Ration Without Silage 
I uni feeding my cows twice daily of 
beet pulp and dried grains, soaked for 
12 hours, and equal amounts of red dog. 
eornmeal, wheat bran and oil meal, mixed 
and fed wet. In Winter they have clover 
hay ; in Summer green rye, corn or oats. 
Have no silage. Is this a good ration? 
Would like to plant vetches and cow 
peas. Do they grow in this locality, and 
ure they good for milch cows? j. s. 
There is nothing to bo gained by soak¬ 
ing any of the grains you are feeding, 
with the exception of beet pulp. Brewery 
grains, as well as the eornmeal and wheat 
feed, are not improved by soaking them, 
and much better results would follow the 
feeding of them dry. provided they are 
properly mixed. You cannot afford to 
l>iit red dog Hour in a ration for dairy 
cows. It does not provide either carbo¬ 
hydrates or protein in their most eco¬ 
nomical forms, ami it had best lie re¬ 
placed by other material, such as corn- 
meal. hominy meal, and cottonseed meal. 
A more useful ration would consist of: 
40(1 lbs. of eornmeal. .'!<>() lbs. of oilmeal, 
200 lbs. of bran, 100 lbs. of ground oats. 
When the animals have access to soil¬ 
ing crops, such as oats and peas, ear corn, 
or Soy-bean silage, all that is necessary 
to feed would be eornmeal and cottonseed 
meal, mixed in the proportion of three 
parts of corn to two parts of cottonseed. 
As to the advantages of producing soiling 
crops rather than silage. I would say 
emphatically that it is more expensive 
to produce soiling crops than it is to 
grow corn and put it into the silo. The 
yield per acre of actual dry matter is 
considerably less, and the lalior involved 
Sawdust in Manure; Building Pigpen 
1. ('an sawdust be used profitably for 
litter, or does it injure the manure? 
2. Also what preparation shall I make 
if I want to raise purebred pigs in the 
Fall? What kind of pen gives the best 
results? L. K. 
New Jersey. 
1. The only advantage in using saw¬ 
dust as bedding iu a dairy stable is to 
conserve the liquid manure, as it acts as 
an absorbent and makes it possible to 
keep the animals cleaner. Sawdust adds 
nothing to the soil fertility: but the con¬ 
sensus of opinion prompts the statement 
that there is in reality no injury to the 
soil where the sawdust manure is dis¬ 
tributed. Perhaps land so covered will 
require more lime to neutralize its acidity 
and make the plant food more valuable; 
hut there is a difference of opinion among 
scientists even as to this point. Sawdust 
is more desirable than haled shavings. It 
is true that there is more labor required 
in unloading the sawdust and in handling 
it* hut even so. we found that one car of 
sawdust was equal in bedding utility to 
two cars of haled shavings, and much 
prefer the sawdust for various reasons. 
’The best material to use for bedding is 
shredded cornstalks. They will absorb 
more of the liquid and keep the animals 
cleaner than any other material that I 
know of. But sawdust' or shavings do 
not injure the manure in any way. am 
where this material is more economical 
than either cornstalks or cut straw it 
should he used for bedding. 
2. As to the most suitable equipment 
and yardage for pigs, the A-shaped col¬ 
ony hoghouse. 8x8 on the ground, is best 
Cattle WorUhuj at a Self -feeder 
in planting, harvesting and feeding the 
soiling crops is much greater. Spring 
Vetch, if seeded with oats, would d<> very 
well in your section, while cow pens can 
be planted during May and will yield 
seven or eight tons of green forage per 
acre. They are not so easily handled, 
however, as hay. and serve their best pur¬ 
pose when fed as a soiling crop. Per¬ 
haps file bosk forage crops for your sec¬ 
tion would he a mixture of oats and 
Canada field peas. Sow equal parts of 
uats and peas by measure, and seed at the 
late of three bushels per acre. Plantings 
should he made 10 days anart. if you de¬ 
sire to supply the material in its most 
economical and palatable form. 
Mixing Grains for Cows 
I am milking 10 cows. Will you give 
me a good grain ration for same? I 
have plenty of good corn silage, also corn¬ 
stalks and Timothy hay. ground oats and 
corn. I can get cottonseed meal, gluten, 
bran, linseed oilmeal and middlings and 
all kinds of dairy feed. p. I.. 
Assuming that the 10 cows that you 
have in your herd are all iu milk, that 
they are in good Hesli and capable of con¬ 
suming a generous amount «*f feeds, you 
will find the following mixture of grains 
will provide concentrates iu palatable 
form: 200 lbs. ground corn. 200 lbs, 
ground oats, 200 lbs. gluten, 200 lbs. "il- 
ineal. 100 lbs. buckwheat middlings. 100 
lbs. bran. I would not utilize any of the 
ready-mixed dairy feed, as the above ra¬ 
tion will balance the silage, cornstalks 
and mixed hay. If the cows gain in 
weight you should reduce the amount of 
grain and likewise reduce tin* amount of 
carbohydrates, chiefly corn or buckwheat 
middlings, in your mixture. If they are 
thin in flesh, and d<> not give you tin* 
desired results, iu elude more of the 
ground oats and more of the buckwheat 
middlings. 
suited for farrowing time. Woven w ! fe 
fence, either 2<>-in. or .'12-ill., mad* of 
No. 1) wire, would best he used, and there 
is an advantage in running a barbe l wire 
at the bottom just above the gnu.ml and 
in stretching two barbed wires a* the top. 
The yard should be long and relatively 
narrow, the advantage in such rn arrange¬ 
ment being the fact that they can le* 
plowed and seeded with a forage crop, and 
the animals will keep clean r if given a 
larger range. If you are going to pro¬ 
duce purebred hogs on an rxtensive scale, 
then I would make my pasture lots iu 
one-quarter, one-half and one-acre units. 
Self-feeder for Brood Sows 
Would you recommend feeding brood 
sows on self-feeder? If not. what is the 
best ration for them? A. 0. w. 
Pennsylvania. 
I would not under any circumstances 
permit brood sows to have access to self- 
feeders during their gestation period. 
They are very likely to become too fleshy, 
would most likely eat extravagantly of 
corn. The resulting litters would lie un¬ 
even iu size, lacking iu vigor, and the sows 
would probably not come to their milk 
if they were growing an excessive amount 
of tiesli. (>f course, if the sows are thin 
at mating time, it is important that they 
slum Id gain during the gestation period, 
preferably from a pound to a pound and 
a quarter a day. However, care must lie 
exercised to prevent them becoming lazy 
and inactive. A useful ration for brood 
sows during this period would consist of 
100 lbs. of corn. HO lbs. of oats. 2. r » lbs. of 
bran. 15 lbs. of tankage or oilmeal. If 
von have oul.v corn and Alfalfa hay. let 
them have nil the Alfalfa hay that they 
will clean lip with relish, and in addition 
supply sufficient grain to enable them to 
make tho suggested gains. 
