884 
Ih* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 1, 1920 
TheDe Laval 
Milker 
it pleases the cow 
Used on Breidablik Farm,' Wilmington, Delaware 
The De Laval Milker is in constant 
use on Breidablik Farm, milking sixty 
high-grade Guernsey cows daily. 
Naturally a farm with high-producing 
cows (ten of them average over 10,000 
pounds of milk a year) would be very care¬ 
ful in the selection of a milker. Prospective 
owners of a De Laval Milker should note 
that the Breidablik Farm is maintaining 
high yearly records from its cows, and that 
the De Laval Milker helps produce milk so 
clean that it commands more than market 
price. 
The Breidablik Farm manager reported 
recently: 
“The De Laval Milker has proved very satis¬ 
factory. It saves from two to four men and 
about an hour and a half at every milking. It is 
very simple to operate and to keep clean. In fact, 
so much so that a green man can do the work as 
efficiently as an old hand. It pleases the cows, 
as can be seen by our high records. We have 
never missed a milking 'since we have had the 
De Laval Milker.” 
The De Laval Milker is a distinctly differ¬ 
ent type of machine. The Master Control 
of pulsation speed insures that every cow in 
the stable is milked in just the same way 
every day. 
Write to nearest De Laval office for Milker 
Catalog, mentioning number of cows milked 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
165 Broadway 29 East Madison Street 61 Beale Street 
New York Chicago San Francisco 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Feeding Questions 
1. Can anyone tell what to do for hens 
to guard against too much looseness of 
the bowels? I try to feed them in a way 
approximating correct formulas, and they 
have a healthy appearance, but there are 
always more soft yellow droppings tliuu 
I like to see. 
2. When a calf is weaned of milk at 
four months old or more how much extra 
provender should it have in place of each 
four quarts of milk to maintain continued 
growth ? 
3. Do you know whether proof has ever 
been found by experiment as to whether 
a cow gets more benefit, from provender 
eaten with silage, cut and moistened hay 
or other coarse feed, than from the same 
amount of grain feed eaten alone and 
dry ? j. P. s. 
Grafton Co., N. H. 
1. One need not expect the discharges 
to be always of the same character and 
temporary looseness need give no concern. 
This condition depends much upon the 
kind and quantity of food given. Vege¬ 
tables, green stuffs, beef scrap, oilmeal, 
etc., induce looseness, while some other 
foods are constipating. It has been re¬ 
commended by some poultry authorities 
that Epsom salts can be given in the food 
periodically in sufficient amount to in¬ 
duce temporary looseness of the bowels. 
2. A calf should have some hay and 
grain before being weaned. It will 
usually begin to nibble at both when two 
or three weeks of age, and a small forkful 
of bright clover or mixed hay should be 
placed before it daily as soon as it will 
eat any of it. Ground oats, corn, wheat 
bran and oilmeal are all suitable grains 
for the growing calf, and a handful or 
two placed in a low box where the calf 
can get it will teach him to supplement 
his milk ration with grain early. After 
being weaned at four months the calf 
will probably need four or five pounds of 
grain daily in addition to pasture or hay 
a pair of sweat-pads similar to those used 
for a horse, but fitted to the bull’s shoul¬ 
ders. Then make a pair of hames to fit 
the sweat-pads. These should be flat and 
about three inches wide. They may be 
made from a tough, hard-wood board in 
case nothing better is at hand. Usually 
a pair of sticks may be cut in the woods 
that, will have a natural curve, which, 
with a little trimming, can be made to 
fit the shoulders. Have the blacksmith 
put the irons on, similarly as an ordinary 
pair of hames would be ironed. Fasten 
them at the top and bottom with ordinary 
hame straps. Ropes or chains may be 
used for tugs, and these are attached to 
the hame hooks at one end and to the 
whiffletree at the other. This should be 
louger than for a horse, in order that the 
ropes may not chafe the animal’s sides. 
For lines, small ropes may be run through 
the hame rings and attached to the ring 
in the bull’s nose. 
This equipment will answer very well 
for plowing, harrowing and similar work, 
but if it is desired to use the bull upon 
a wagon, a harness closely approaching 
that used upon a horse must be used, and 
this may be as elaborate as one mav 
please. A couple of years ago a man was 
accustomed to drive through the streets 
of this city with a bull attached to a 
wagon by means of an ordinary work har¬ 
ness, complete even to the bridle and bits. 
The animal responded to the reins, and 
seemed to be no more inconvenienced by 
the bits than a horse would be. 
Many people, when working a bull, or 
an ox, singly, use a bow and a short yoke, 
similar to one end of an oxyoke. Many 
dispense with the reins and guide the 
animal by means of a whip or a goad 
stick. It is not a difficult matter to train 
one to be guided entirely by the voice. 
In fact, it is not a difficult matter to 
train one to be guided by a single word, 
using different inflections to express dif¬ 
ferent meanings. I once saw a Russian 
working a bull with an equipment which 
An Illinois Boy, His Niece, Dog and Jersey Calf 
to keep it growing satisfactorily. No 
exact amount can be fixed ; the thrift of 
the individual calf should be the guide. 
3. The effect of the grain will not be 
appreciably changed, whether fed dry and 
alone or with silage or other succulent 
food. Such succulent foods as silage and 
vegetables have an increased value over 
the same amount of nutriment fed dry, 
however, and the increased palatability 
of cut and moistened hay would add to 
its value over dry fodder, if only slightly. 
Succulence in food has a value in itself, 
independently of its actual nutrient con¬ 
tent. ' M. B. D. 
Breaking a Bull to Work 
What would be the best way to go 
about breaking a bull to draw a plow or 
harrow? He is eight mouths old now, 
and I want to use him this Summer. I 
have only three cows, and he would have 
to work for his keep. About how much 
harness would I need just for plowiug 
and harrowing, and about how much 
would! it cost? How much would I need 
if I used him in a wagon also? v. s. 
Lakewood, N. S. 
First, put a ring through the animal’s 
nose and then halter-break him thor¬ 
oughly. Always use a lead stick while 
doing this, for it is never safe to trust 
a bull, no matter how gentle he may be. 
Aside from all thoughts of viciousness, 
one can never tell when a bull may feel 
inclined to nlay with his master, and the 
gentle playing of a bull may subject a 
man to pretty severe usage. When well 
halter-broken put on the harness and at¬ 
tach him to weights, light at first, but 
gradually increase them until it will re¬ 
quire about his full strength to draw his 
load. Meantime gradually substitute reins 
for the lead stick. 
In regard to the harness, it is probable 
that the local harnessmaker or hardware 
dealer can furnish it. and if so, it will 
cost just what one wishes to pay, and one 
can get just as good an equipment as he 
will pay for. However, if one wishes to 
be independent of the dealers, he can 
make a good equipment by making, first, 
consisted only of a short piece of 2x4 
scantling, suspended from the animal’s 
horns in such a manner as to hang hori¬ 
zontally across his forehead. Ropes were 
used for tugs, and these were attached to 
the ends of the scantling. 
C. O. ORMSBEE. 
Milk from Tuberculin-tested Cows 
Is “tuberculin tested” milk of more 
value than milk that is not tested? I 
have to furnish the buyer with the proper 
veterinarian certificate, and think it 
ought to bring more than the prevailing 
market prices. A. L. B. 
Milk from tuberculin-tested cows which 
have not reacted to the test is of as much 
greater value than that from non-tested 
cows, as this safeguard against the pres¬ 
ence of tuberculosis germs gives it in 
any particular case. If the milk is to be 
properly pasteurized before use in any 
event, the added value is slight, as any 
tuberculosis germs present would be 
killed by the pasteurization. If it is to 
be used only for cooking or by adults its 
actual value is again only slightly en¬ 
hanced by the test. If, however, it is to 
be used for the feeding of infants and 
young children, the increased likelihood 
of freedom from infective qualities given 
by this test is considerable and should 
be recognized. Commercially, I know of 
no rule or custom establishing the ex¬ 
tent of this increase in value, and pre¬ 
sume that it will have to be mutually 
agreed upon between the buyer and seller. 
The latter may plead the greater value 
given his product by the added expense 
of producing it from cows of known free¬ 
dom from tuberculosis; the buyer will 
very likely claim that only milk from 
cows that are known to be free from dis¬ 
ease should be sold, anyway. Both will 
be, in a measure, right, but the seller will 
have the advantage of being able to show 
that tuberculin testing has never been 
generally recognized as a prerequisite to 
the production of market milk, and that 
any safeguards added to those in general 
use entitle the producer to added com¬ 
pensation. M. B, D- 
