The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 22, 1020 
976 
Clealt'd Iread 
—It Holds 
Aja x Cord Tires are built by selected 
experts. These men build with uncommon 
care and skill. Each ply of cord is laid gently 
in position — never stretched or pulled . 
Thus full resiliency is retained. 
That’s why the Ajax Cord rides so 
smoothly, and gives, as it should, with each 
shock of the country road. 
Shoulders of Strength, bracing and rein¬ 
forcing both sides of the Cleated Tread, 
add surprising mileage. 
Your nearest Ajax Sales and Service 
Depot is headquarters for Ajax Cord, Ajax 
Road King (fabric), Ajax Tubes and Ajax 
H. Q. (High Quality) Tire Accessories. 
AJAX RUBBER COMPANY, Inc 
NEW YORK 
Factorial*: Trenton, N. J. Branches in Leading Cities 
Orchard Notes 
Notes on Growing Nursery Stock 
1. If one plants cherry seeds of the 
cultivated cherry such as the Tartarian, 
will he get wild or cultivated trees? 
How about other stone fruit? 2. If I 
plant the seed of grafted apples, pears, 
and other similar fruit, and bud the year- 
old growth will I get good trees fit for 
sale? 3. Will cultivated rose bushes 
grow from wild rose roots? If so how 
can you graft same? 4. I have heard 
that pears do well when grafted on thorn 
bushes. What do you know about it? 
Scion forming Its Ou t} Fools. Fig. 280 
5. Is it true that if dwarf trees are 
set below the graft the wood from above 
roots grows a standard tree? h. E. Y. 
1. There are two ways of reproduc¬ 
ing offspring with plants; by taking a 
section of the parent plant, and through 
seed development and germination. With 
the first method the offspring will re¬ 
semble the parent; thus a cutting or slip 
from a Baldwin apple will produce an¬ 
other Baldwin tree. This method of re¬ 
producing similar fruits is carried on 
commercially in our large nurseries by 
budding or grafting the seedling trees. 
Cutting potatoes for planting is our most 
common example of this method. With 
pure strains, seeds will produce offspring 
true to type, but when cross-breeding oc¬ 
curs the offspring changes, and with 
each succeeding cross the likelihood of 
securing an offspring similar to the par¬ 
ent diminishes. With a first cross of 
pure characters, taking for example the 
colors of red and white flowers, the off- 
snring often has pink flowers. When 
10-hour day. Apple and pear seeds are 
gathered in France and England, and 
after the seedlings have grown for a 
year in the foreign nurseries, they are 
dug and shipped to this country, ami 
planted in the American nurseries. Thus 
the pome fruits are not budded until the 
second year of their growth. The stocks 
have been grown in Europe because of 
the congenial climate and the cheap labor. 
There is no reason why seedlings cannot 
be grown in this country; in fact some 
were grown in Kansas during the past 
year, and all were sold at the market 
price of $S0 per 1,000. 
3. Roses are grown in two ways: by 
budding, and from cuttings. Practically 
all nurserymen carry both kinds under 
the heads of “budded” and “own root” 
stock. The budded roses are grown on 
dog rose and Manetti stock, or what we 
might call “wild” roses, as L. E. Y. 
states. These stocks are imported from 
France. As a rule they have seven leaf¬ 
lets. fine, thorny stems, and single flow¬ 
ers. The stocks are planted in the 
Spring in the nursery row the same as 
the fruit seedlings, and then are budded, 
beginning in June, or as soon as the bark 
peels. The bud-sticks or scions must be 
'of the present season’s growth and fairly 
mature. A bud is cut from the scion as 
shown in the diagram, and inserted in a 
T-shaped cut made two inches above the 
ground, through the bark of the. stock. 
The whole is tied with raffia, see Fig. 2S1, 
and left for three weeks. Then the raffia 
is cut and tree left until the following 
Spring. Then the stock is cut to within 
an inch of the inserted bud. and this bud 
begins growth immediately, forming the 
tree or bush. All suckers should be 
removed which come from the root, and 
these are recognized by the description 
given above. 
4. Thorn apples belong to the class of 
pome fruits, which includes the apple, 
pear and quince. All of these can oe 
budded on each other, but the best 
unions are obtained when budding on the 
same variety. Commercially the pear is 
budded on the slow-growing quince stock 
in order to dwarf the varieties. Pears 
may be budded on the thorn trees or 
thorn apples, but the results are not as 
good as if pear stocks were used. 
5. Yes. a pear tree budded on a quince 
will become a standard tree in time if 
set too deep. In ordinary practice trees 
are set with the graft just below the sur¬ 
face. When set deeper roots form on 
the scion above the graft, the lower part 
or stock dies and the tree becomes a 
standard on its own roots, see Fig. 2S0. 
This occurs with trees where the unions 
are not perfect as the pear on the quince. 
T. H. TOWNSEND. 
Sulphate of Ammonia as Fertilizer 
On page 330 may be found an editorial 
regarding II. B. 10,329. in which the 
statement is made that. “We must now de¬ 
pend on South America for our supplies 
of nitrogen, while in the air and over our 
heads are vast stores of it.” Fifty years 
ago very few farmers had ever heard of 
nitrate of_s<)da. It took many years and 
The Various Processes of Budding 
Fig. 281 
these pink flowers are crossed among 
themselves, but half of tin* offspring re¬ 
sulting are pink, one fourth reverting to 
the original red and one-fourth to the 
original white color. Many of our 
fruits are crossed a great many times, 
which is to be expected with the insects 
carrying pollen from plant to plant, and 
the variations are practically limitless. 
All our fruits are hybrids, having been 
crossed over ami over, so when seeds are 
planted from either pome or stone fruits 
the endless variation shows in the off¬ 
spring, and the forms may be everything 
from small wild fruit to splendid new 
varieties. The chances are much in 
favor of the former. Peaches are nearer 
to a pure strain than any of the other 
stone fruits, and some varieties produce 
offspring very close to the original va¬ 
riety. Cherries are like the apples, re¬ 
verting to the many wild forms in their 
ancestry. 
2. The seeds of peaches are gath¬ 
ered in Georgia in the Fall, and grown 
and budded in our American nurseries 
the next season. Peaches are the easi¬ 
est to bud of any of the fruits, some bud- 
ders being able to bud 4,000 trees in a 
thousands of dollars spent for propaganda 
to teach them the knowledge which is so 
common today. The same slow, costly 
program of education regarding sulphate 
of ammonia is now being carried on, and 
although it has been 10 years since it was 
started, a large proportion of well-in¬ 
formed men still fail to recognize it as 
of any economic importance as a fertil¬ 
izer. As a matter of statistics there were 
produced in by-product coke ovens and 
gas plants in the United States during 
the last year, when figures were available, 
455.1(56 tons of sulphate of ammonia, or 
its equivalent, or about 25 per cent of 
the total amount of nitrate of soda which 
was imported. Still, only about one-half 
of the coke produced in the United States 
comes from by-product, ovens. When the 
time comes that all of our coke is pro¬ 
duced in this way we will turn out well 
up toward a million tons of sulphate of 
ammonia annually as a by-product which 
formerly passed into the air and was an 
entire loss. gail t. abbott. 
R. N.-Y.—There is no question about 
it. We use sulphate of ammonia as a 
source of nitrogen for fruit and truck 
gardening, and find it very efficient. 
