Tne RURAL NEW-VORKER 
106 5 
A Water Pumping P r o h 1 e 
m 
Hie outlet before freezing, and gradually builds up, 
closing the bore of the pipe, with the resultant 
bursting. This condition can be prevented by first 
getting the inside of the pipe dry and then closing 
the openings. 
The theoretical power required to lift water at the 
rate of six gallone per minute to a height of 200 feet 
(the approximate actual lift that you have when the 
frictional resistance to flow in the piping is con¬ 
sidered iu connection with the vertical lift 
Know Roller With Gasoline rower. Fig. 31 .J 
1 desire to pump water from a spring to a point about 
450 feet distant, the rise being nearly if not quite 160 
feet. The hillside faces south, the spring being about 
200 feet southwest of the reservoir. Will galvanized 
iron pipe pay for difference in price over black iron? 
W'hat is the smallest size that would be profitable to 
use? If gas engine is placed at spring, what horsepower 
should it be. the water consumption being only about 20O 
billons daily? The supply being for Summer use only. 
Mud the character of the ground such that it would not 
| )a y to dig the pipe in very far (in depth) would it be 
likely to rust in Winter if the water were drained off each 
Fall! the pipe being buried about 32 inches? IIow many 
Hieck valves would be required in a rise as above? 
Would a windmill work at the top of the pipe line, if 
properly placed, or do they only work on 
vertical lifts? What style and size of 
pump would best fill the requirements? 
What are the principal obstacles to be 
overcome in filling the above conditions? 
Philadelphia, Pa. w. c. c. 
Y OUIl proposition as outlined pre¬ 
sents no unusual difficulties. The 
lift required, which is high for farm 
practice, requires strong construction, 
but otherwise normal conditions exist. 
A compact, sturdy, power-driven pump 
should he chosen, one with large hear¬ 
ings and rigid construction throughout, 
to withstand the stresses imposed upon 
it by the high lift. It should also he 
fitted with a means of completely 
draining the cylinder to prevent freez¬ 
ing during Winter. Because of the 
high lift and the small amount of 
water required daily, a small size 
should lie selected: a 2%-inch cylinder 
with a 4-incli stroke, furnishing from 
BOO to 360 gallons per hour when oper¬ 
ated at 38 revolutions per minute. 
A pump of the size described is 
lifted with lVi-iuch suction and dis¬ 
charge pipes. This pipe should pre¬ 
ferably he of galvanized iron, as its 
greater cleanliness, and under most 
conditions, longer life, make it much 
more desirable and universally used for 
work of this kind. The difference in 
cost between this and black iron pipe— 
about 4 cents per foot in this size— 
when compared with the other neces¬ 
sary costs amounts to hut little, and 
because of the conditions noted above 
is money well expended. 
This pipe line should l>e fitted with 
a gate valve at the point where it 
enters the storage tank, permitting 
drainage in case repairs are necessary 
in the pump or pipe line, as they will 
he in time. A substantial check valve 
placed at the lower end of (he line 
will also he helpful, relieving the valves 
of the pump to a certain extent. As 
the line is to he drained in Winter care 
should he taken to see that it all has 
a good grade to the lower end, where 
a tee and plug or draw-off cock is 
placed above the check valve. An air 
fuck must also he tapped into the line 
at the upper end, to be opened when 
the line is to he drained, permitting the 
entrance of air at the top; otherwise 
the water will lie held in the lower end 
<»f the pipe line. The line must be in- 
stalied so that complete drainage is 
permitted. The same precautions should 
he observed in the lines that run 
from the reservoir to tin* buildings. 
These should he lifted with a gate 
valve at the upper end, and should 
enler the building by means of a tee at 
the lowest point, which leaves a straight 
pipe with no pockets, for drainage. 
This is shown more clearly in the 
sketch, Fig. 313. 
As to care during Winter, the bright 
steel parts of the pump should be 
thoroughly dried and covered with 
vaseline. Sometimes a pipe line that is left standing of 160 feet) is about oue-third horsepower. Systems 
idle during the-Winter, as this will be, will be found of this kind are never perfect, however, neither is 
with split lengths in the Spring, even though it had it good policy to operate a gas engine at full load, 
been carefully drained and left open the previous so it is customary to doiilile or triple the .theoretical 
l dl. this is due to condensation taking place in- requirements to determine the actual power required 
Side the pipe, because of the entrance of warm, in practice. Tn this case a one horsepower or iy 2 
other means of transmitting the power to the pump 
at the spring were used. The vertical distance is too 
great. Water cannot he raised by atmospheric pres¬ 
sure or "suction." as if is called, to a height greater 
than 20 to 25 feet. The windmill would fail, not 
because it was not placed directly over the spring, 
but because of the high vertical lift by “suction” 
that would be required if placed at the top of the 
pipe line as you suggest. r. h. s. 
V 
A farmers’ field meeting under auspices of the local Farm Bureau c- 
which the County Agent is demonstrating points to be considered in 
good sire. 
•mmittec 
selectiu 
at 
a 
Many farmers profiting from County Agent demonstrations in selecting, 
grading seed corn have improved the quality of their own seed and 
much of the labor once spent in replanting. 
testing and 
eliminated 
Making a Snow Roller 
A 
moist air during mild periods of the Winter, the 
condensation taking place during the following 
colder weather. The resulting water, because of its 
small volume, has not sufficient velocity to flow to 
horsepower engine is indicated, the larger size being 
preferable. 
Neither a windmill nor other power could be used 
at the top of the hill unless an air compressor or 
T first thought it would seem that 
June is entirely out of season for 
talking about snow rollers or clearing 
frozen roads. Yet preparations for 
keeping country roads clean must us¬ 
ually he made months in advance, or 
nothing will lie accomplished. And so 
while the recent hard Winter is still 
in memory it is well to know how the 
rollers are made. Last Winter Mr. B 
W alker MeKeen told how his township 
kept the drifted roads under good con¬ 
trol by using big rollers in place of 
snow plows. There have been so many 
questions about this roller that we 
asked for further information about it. 
Mr. MeKeen gives the following de¬ 
scription and drawings. Figs. 309, 310, 
311 and 312, also sends picture of 
roller with an attempt- to use it under 
gasoline power. This did not work 
successfully, though perhaps a track- 
iaying form of tractor might answer. 
At any rate, if this form of roller is to 
he used next Winter now is the time to 
prepare for it. 
These rollers are heavier tliau those 
used by many towns in the State, but are 
none too heavy to do good, effective work. 
The lighter rollers do not follow the team 
as well, are more apt to slew, and make 
less impression on the snow. Neither 
are they as durable. Fryeburg's first rol¬ 
ler was built about 1890, and its uow in 
use in my breaking district. It has always 
been kept well housed, and even after 
so many years* use appears in no way 
the worse for the wear. 
The man who built most of these rol¬ 
lers for the town writes me that it takes 
very near 1,200 feet of rough lumber to 
build a roller of the size indicated by the 
drafts. He says maple or yellow birch 
makes a good roller. The specifications 
used to call for oak, but he thinks other 
hard woods are just as good. The cost 
of the finished roller, including the irons, 
was formerly $100, or a little more. Of 
course no oue can figure on the probable 
cost now in accordance to the local prices 
for lumber, iron and labor in his locality 
as compared with former times. Everyone 
must bear in mind that there is no 
patent on these rollers, or any part of 
them. Therefore all the cost of building 
goes into the roller itself, and with a 
roller once built and well taken care of 
tlie town can be assured that it will 
always have a roller and an implement 
that will grow iu favor with the citizens 
every year iff its use. 
The roller shown at Fig. 300 consists 
of two drums working on a 2-iuok shaft, 
with a space about 1 foot between the 
drums. Diameter of drums is 6 feet 10 
inches; length of each drum 4 feet 11 
iuelies. Slats covering drums are oak, 
random widths 2 inches thick. A seat 
wide enough for two meu is placed above 
pole. 
Fig. 310 shows sectional view of wheel 
before slats are put on to form the drum. 
Four like plans are required to make the 
roller. There are two sets of segments to 
form the circle. The back set indicated by dotted lines 
is placed opposite to the outside set and bolted together; 
then the spokes are put iu. Start with a whole oue, 
then join the others on to that, so they will strike a 
common center. You are then ready to put on the slats, 
after which a baud of iron %x2 inches is put on like a 
hoop, one about 4 iuehes from each end of drum. The 
axle is a round bar of steel. After passing through hole 
iu drum, axle rests iu hearing made of a hardwood block 
bolted to the top of side sill of frame. Fig. 311. At left 
of Fig. 311 is shown cast-iron flange 9 inches in diameter 
t<> bolt on outside of spokes for axle. 
Maine. 
B. WALKER M’KEEN. 
