Future of the Aberdeen-An^us in the Bast 
Part T. 
A SCOTTISH BREED.—To the average Eastern 
farmer the name Aberdeen-Angus means but 
little, except that he may remember that a long time 
aim, while a small boy, he learned that there was a 
county by the name of Aberdeen in Scotland. That 
there is a breed of cattle of the above name he may 
have heard, but in most cases he has never seen a 
good representative of the breed. However, if he 
attends the State Fair and spends his time learning 
all that he can, he will tell you that the name Aber- 
deen-Angus stands for a breed of beef cattle. Tf he 
has talked with the breeders or consulted the many 
books and pamphlets written on the breed he knows 
that this breed is the 
youngest of the prin¬ 
cipal beef breeds in 
America : that they are 
all black in color ex¬ 
cept for a little white 
on the udder or under¬ 
line. are always horn¬ 
less, and are more 
nearly the ideal beef 
animal than any of the 
other beef breeds. This, 
breed of cattle origin¬ 
ated in Scotland, in 
the county from which 
it derives its name, 
and from several ad¬ 
joining counties. Since 
the beginning of the 
breed it has been noted 
for its short-legged, 
bloeky conformation, 
its adherence to a de¬ 
finite type, and the 
fact that it dresses out 
a higher percentage of 
dressed carcass to live 
weight than any other 
breed, and that the 
naturally polled or 
hornless condition and 
black color are trans¬ 
mitted to a large per¬ 
centage of the off¬ 
spring when bulls of 
this breed are mated 
with cows of another 
breed, regardless of the 
breed or type of the 
C'OWS. 
INCREASING POP¬ 
ULARITY. — While 
this breed is the new¬ 
est of tlie principal 
beef breeds to be 
brought to America, it 
has rapidly become 
popular, so that today 
it is produced in every 
^tato hi the union, and 
is rapidly coming to 
the front in many sec¬ 
tions of the country 
where it was unknown 
a tew yea rs ago. The 
I't'pula riry of the breed 
*' !l s hee n g a ined 
through the merits of 
da> cattle entirely, as 
tho breed association 
'iid 'cry little to pro¬ 
mote the breed or to 
•mep it on a par with 
die other breeds, so 
do as publicity is concerned, until a comparatively 
d " Wars ago. At present it is devoting considerable 
energy toward breed promotion work, and in assist¬ 
in' the breeders in various sections of the country 
in disposing of surplus animals, etc., so that all other 
things, coupled with the growing popularity of the 
|’ierd. its phenomenal winnings at our leading shows 
j u <,,U1 petition with other breeds, both on foot and 
‘ areass contests, should put the Abordeen-Angus 
lu tll(i Place it so justly deserves. 
1 ASTERN BEEF.—Until very recently the hived 
luul but few followers in our Eastern States. Small 
herds were maintained here and there In- 
hearted admirers of the breed, who foresaw a return 
to beef cattle by Eastern farmers. During the past 
10 years there have come about a number of changes 
in the economic and agricultural conditions in 
America that have made the production of beef 
cattle in the East not only profitable, but in many 
cases necessary, if the farmer was to maintain the 
fertility of his farm and at the same time show a 
profit at the close of the year. Some of the factors that 
have led to this change in agricultural conditions are : 
1. The diminished supply of cattle coming from 
our Western ranges, due to droughts, homesteading, 
overgrazing and restriction of forest grazing permits. 
Abvrdeen~Angus Sire at the Jlcud of a Maine Herd. Fly. .in.', 
A Bnneh of Aberdern-Aiiyas Cattle in an Eastern Woodland Pasture. Fiy. S(>(> 
stout- 
11. Higher prices for beef cattle and meats of all 
kinds. 
.“>. Higher prices for feeds, especially purchased 
mill feeds and grains. 
4. The use of silage and more advanced and gen¬ 
eral knowledge as to its value in the rations of 
breeding and fattening cattle. 
5. The abandonment and resultant low price of 
Eastern farm land that had been cropped to death 
without having carried a sufficient quota of livestock. 
(!. Increase in the cost of labor on Eastern farms, 
coupled with a knowledge of the small amount of 
labor required to maintain a beef breeding herd 
during the Winter, and the almost total lack of labor 
necessary during the Summer months. 
7. The increased cost of building supplies, together 
with a more general knowledge of the fact that ex¬ 
pensive and elaborate buildings are unnecessary, and 
in fact actually harmful, in the maintenance of this 
beef breed. 
S. A demand for Aberdeen-Angus cattle for export 
to South and Central American countries. 
0. An increased demand for Aberdeen-Angus bulls 
to he used on grade dairy herds for the production 
of high-class veals and feeding cattle. 
10. The extreme increase in the price of farm land 
in the Central States, 
where the majority of 
the beef of America 
and much of that of 
Europe has been either 
bred or fed in the past. 
11. Tlie increase in 
freight rates and the 
difficulty in obtaining 
transportation for live 
cattle for slaughter on 
our Eastern markets 
has also had its influ¬ 
ence. A considerable 
percentage of the meat 
consumed in our East¬ 
ern cities must he 
slaughtered there in 
order to meet the needs 
of various creeds and 
sects that require meat 
more freshly slaught¬ 
ered than that shipped 
from Middle Western 
markets. 
12. Last, but not 
least, in incr ea sing 
tlie profitableness and 
11 ractieabill ty of beef 
prod notion in the East 
is tlie increased appre¬ 
ciation of good meat 
by tlie consumer, and 
tlie resultant higher 
prices paid by the 
packers for the class 
of cattle that will sup¬ 
ply this class of meat, 
a point wherein the 
Aberdeen-Angus is not 
excelled by any breed. 
I N C R E A S I X G 
HERDS.—With all 
these factors at work 
the profit to be derived 
from beef production 
in our Eastern States 
has been such that a 
large number of breed¬ 
ers have begun to lay 
the foundations of up- 
to-date herds of Aber¬ 
deen-Angus, and those 
having herds already 
established have in¬ 
creased their number 
of females in order to 
he able to supply the 
growing trade. In all 
of the popular breeds 
of live stock today tin* 
surplus f e m ales, if 
worthy representatives 
of the breed, find a 
purposes. The principal 
breeding 
reaily sale fin 
concern of the breeder is with regard to the future 
demand of his male surplus. If this can la* eared 
for at a reasonable price, the success of the breed 
in any section is assured. 
DEMAND FOR COWS.—The surplus females 
from our Eastern Aberdeen-Angus herds are sold 
as soon as advertised, and the scarcity of good 
females of the breed can be judged by the fart that 
it has been impossible to get females from Eastern 
breeders for the breed promotion sales held at 
Springfield. Mass., last Fall and at Albany. X. Y., 
this Spring, where females had to he brought in 
