i;j93 
Sfte RURAL NEW-YOKLEIi 
September 4, lbu>j 
The Modem Table Drink 
A. combination of ^ood 
(flavor, economy, efficiency 
and health satisfaction 
Instant 
POSTUM 
This pure and wholesome 
beverage contains none of 
coffees harmful ingredients. 
Especially valuable in 
families with children. 
Sold by all Grocers 
MaJe "by Postum Csreal Co.jnc., Battle Creek,Mick 
5 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, SEPT. 4, 1920 
FARM TOPICS 
In Defense of Eastern Farms. 139^ 
Cultivating Potatoes and Mulching Trees. 1398 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings. 1398 1 
Spread of Potato Scab. 1403 
Timothy as a Cover Crop. 1407 | 
Manure on Wheat Stubble. 1407 . 
An Old Sod for Potatoes. 1407 
Hope Farm Notes. 1408 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Whole Milk, Butter or Cream—Which’. 
Why Not Hogs in the Orchard ?. 1396 
Live Stock on 20-Acre Farm. 1416 . 
Grain for Cows and Calves. 1418 J 
Grain for Guernsey Cows. 1418 
Thin Horse. 1418 
When to Wean Pigs. 1418 ' 
Temperature in Churning. 1418 
Dimensions of Cow Stable. 1418 
Catarrh . 1422 | 
Weak Mule. 1422 
Stocked Legs... 1422 j 
Lumps on Hare..... 1422 , 
THE HENYARD 
The Hen and the Garden.*.. 1396 
Oilmeal and Tankage for Poultry. 1420 
Cannibal Chicks. 1420 
Henhouse with Vertical Siding. 1420 
Egg-laying Contest. 1425 
Canker in Eye. 1426 
HORTICULTURE 
Fo- orchard, garden and lawn, grown in the largest 
nursery in New York State, backed liv the pcs live 
guarantee of a firm .'X! years old. Sold 
at wholesale. Fall Planting is advisable 
any year but especially so this year as 
nurserymen are having great trouble in 
securing seedlings from France and 
nursery stock will be at a premium 
for the next few years. Send for 
Free Wholesale Cnialog. 
We prepay transportation charges on 
all orders for over $7.50. 
Maloney Bros. & 
Dansville, N.Y. 
Hoffman's Hardy 
Seed Wheat 
11 reliable varieties of Winter Wheat. 
Grown in fertile Lancaster County, Pa. 
Sound, Graded seed. Cleaned clean, free 
from cockle—rye—smut—garlic. Prices 
are just. One bushel increased yield per 
acre will repay you. Many customers 
report 10-bushel increases by changing to 
Hoffman’s Seed. Catalog and samples free. 
Write for them today. Mention this paper. 
A. H. Hoffman, Inc. Landisville, Lan. Co., Pa. 
A Mountain Cave Fruit Storage. 1398 
Working Into the Flower Business. 1399 
Culture of Lilies. 1399 
Garden Notes from New England. 1400 
Notes from a Maryland Garden. 1403 
Dwarf Trees. 1405 
Angelica Tree or Hercules Club. 1405 
Record Berry and Corn Crops. 1405 
Double Cropping the Garden. 1407 
Bordeaux Mixture; Yellow Leaves on To- 
mato . 1407 
Planting Apple Seed. 1409 
Propagating Raspberries. 1409 
OENUINE 
Montana-Grown Alfalfa 
Special lot guaranteed as to source, grown on 
lion-irrigated soil,strictly high-grade seed. Have 
limited quantity available in excess of our re¬ 
quirements. Prompt shipment. Get our prices. 
FARMERS’ CO-OPERATIVE ASSN., Trenton, N. J. 
WOMAN AND HOME 
Canning Vegetables Under Steam Pressure 1402 
Life in the Tennessee Mountains. 1402 
From Day to Day. 1412 
Brightening a Dining Room. 1412 
The Rural Patterns. 1412 
Twenty Dollars in Comfort. 1412 
The OU Stove as a Labor Saver. 1412 
A Kitchen that Saves Labor. 1413 
Embroidery Designs. 1413 
Evolved from Others... 1413 
Concerning Rompers. 1413 
Two Holiday Cakes..... 1413 
Oriental Jam. 1413 
Danish Roast Goose. 1414 
Flag Chair Seats. 1414 
Puff Balls as Food. 1414 
Hospital Experience. 1414 
Ripe Cucumber Pickles. 1414 
Are Hospital Babies Tagged!. 1414 
Ring Pickles. 1414 
Tomato Re’ish: Celery Relish. 1414 
Grape Jelly and Catsup. 1414 
Last of the Season Favorites. 1414 
MISCELLANEOUS 
The Census and the Cities. 139^ 
Report of a Destructive Storm. 1307 
Woodchuck Meat in Market. 1402 
Change in the Immigration Problem. 1404 
Getting Back to Supply and Demand. 1404 
Renting a Church. 1404 
That Minnesota Primary Nomination. 1404 
Controlling Flies. 1404 
Hay Fever and Its Prevention. 1405 
Events of the Week... 1400 
Farm Machinery and State Fair. 1400 
Editorials . I 411 
The Result of the Referendum Vote...... 1 4 11 
The Wonderful PosaihiTiHes of Co-operation 141 f 
Trouble on the Buffalo Markets. 1411 
Trouble with Ram. 1424 
Wood Preservatives. 1424 
Cnnstruetion of Icehouse.... 1424 
Motor for Pump. 142a 
Publisher’s Desk... 1426 
4 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
For August and E’all planting. Pot-grown plants 
ready now and runner plants ready about Sept. 1st. 
Will bear fruit next summer. Also RASPBERRY. 
BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY. GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT. GRAPE. 
ASPARAGUS. RHUBARB plants. ROSES. PANSIES. SHRUBS 
for fall planting. Catalogue free. 
HARRY Jj. SQUIRKS, Good Ground, N.Y. 
GLADDEN WHEAT 
Recleaned ready to sow. $3 50 per bn. Poole $3 25. 
Rosen Rye 12.90, Mammoth White Rye $2.75. Bags 
extra at cost. Alfalfa, Timothy, Rape, etc Cata¬ 
log free. YV. N. ScarfT& Sons, New Carlisle, O. 
cnppi II Let me help you «ecure the beat of 
wrbUlHL the new Strawberry, Raspberry and 
Asparagus Plans. Interesting illustrated circular free. 
A. B Katkamier - - Macedon, N. Y. 
Layer Strawberry Plants iug: 40 varieties to select 
from, including the fall hearing. Ask for catalog. 
J. Keiffokd Hall, Routed, Uhodksdalk, Md. 
For Sale - 1;TerhenrVng Strawberry Plants hu nd red; 
postage paid. CHARLES E. C0N60EN, Optimistic Farm, Camden, N.Y. 
Strawberry, Blackberry, Raspberry Plants ££» 
Planting. Bend for price list. MICHAEL N. B0RGQ,Vineland, N. J. 
RUSSIAN PITKUS 
yielder. $2.HO per bit. Subject to ndvance. Supply lira 
ited. Order early. CI.OVICKIIAI.F. FARM, Charlotte, N. T. 
American Nut Journal 
National Record. Sample 20c. 
P. O. Box 124, Rochester. N.Y . 
General Farm Topics 
Cultivating Potatoes and Mulching Trees 
I consider your advice to stop cultivat¬ 
ing potatoes when in full bloom till wrong. 
One should cultivate once every week 
until tops are all dead or potatoes dug. 
Once each week will keep off the blight 
in my section, but miss one week after 
potatoes begin to bottom and Mr. Blight 
has your crop. r. d. 
Ohio. 
That is not our experience. We have 
injured several potato crops by cultivating 
too late in the season. It seems to de¬ 
pend on weather, condition of the soil, 
variety and growth of vines. Some varie¬ 
ties grow upright and can stand culti¬ 
vating long after other vines fall down 
on the ground. Of course it makes a dif¬ 
ference whether the soil is bone dry or 
part mud. We think that if blight has 
started, smashing through the thick vines 
and tearing them will spread the disease. 
I do not like your theory of mulching 
young apple trees at any age. It makes 
a harbor for mice. My experience is to 
pasture with sheep : this is next to thor¬ 
ough cultivation. If I fear mice when 
the snow has fallen go and stamp it down 
for a two-foot circle around each tree; a 
mouse will not go through the hard snow 
or come up on top. Thorough cultivation 
eliminates all mice problems. R. n. 
There are some situations where full 
; cultivation is hardly possible. We have 
1 seen young orchards ruined by sheep. 
Unless the trees are headed high, with the 
trunks well protected, the sheep will gnaw 
them badly. There is no question that 
thorough culture is best for a young or¬ 
chard. Wo did not advise mulching to 
all—we only gave our own experience. 
The danger from mice is real, and so is 
danger from fire. 
A Mountain Cave Fruit Storage 
One of our readers, Mr. ,T. IT. Bollin¬ 
ger. of Ohio, is a native of Switzerland. 
A few years ago he went hack to his 
native land, and on his return wrote tis 
i an interesting account of some of his 
j travels. Among other things he described 
a mountain cave or dug-out which had 
been turned into a fruit cellar. There 
have been several requests from readers 
for a reprinting of this description, so 
we give it here: 
The fruit cellar, however, is the attrac¬ 
tion that brings students from all over 
Europe to see it. It hat? a continent-wide 
fame, and yet everything seems simple 
enough. A brewery some years ago had 
blasted a cave into this mountain, some¬ 
thing like the many railroad tunnels that 
are piercing the mountains of Switzer¬ 
land. This tunnel, about 14 feet wide, 
12 feet high, starts from the north side 
and runs into it. to the east between 300 
and 400 feet. Here they struck a stream 
of water bubbling out of a crevice that is 
simply ice cold. Instead of going further 
east they went 100 feet south and 200 
feet north, forming a cave in the shape 
of the letter T. For some reason or other 
the brewery project failed, the firm went 
into bankruptcy (for this the Hope Farm 
man isn’t a bit sorry), and Mr. Stamm 
bought the cave. lie immediately had 
the walls plastered with cement mortar, 
cut a channel both north and south, so 
that cold water runs first south, then 
north, and finally leaves the cellar at the 
entrance of the cave. Another move he 
made is by drilling an air shaft up 
through the top of the mountain ; under 
it he has an electric motor and is enabled 
to pump fresh, cool mountain air into 
every corner of this eave. At the en¬ 
trance to this cave is a large packing 
room where fruit is prepared and sorted 
for storage. A track with car goes all 
over the eave. Mr. Stamm showed me 
some tipples in a crate that had been in 
the cave nearly 2 1 /a years: they were 
sound, solid and hard. He said: “I have 
the fruit merchant foul ; if he wants my 
i fruit he can have it at my own price; if 
lie does not want it 1 leave the fruit here 
] until he will want it.” 
There is never any ice used; Mr. 
Stamm is enabled to keep tip a tempera¬ 
ture of seven degrees Celsius (about 44 
degrees Fahrenheit), by the use of the 
I air from the top of the mountain and the 
cold water from the spring. Next, the 
moisture content of the cave is 1)0 degrees 
hygrometer; this, he said, by a number of 
years’ experience he found correct. He 
said if the cave is drier than the above 
the fruit wilts, while on the other hand 
if it is moister it will rot. This he said 
was much more essential than keeping the 
fruit cold. In the cave is no wood of 
any kind; shelves a e all of tile. The 
oniy wood that enters the cave is the box 
in which the fruit is packed. Every Fall 
before putting in the fruit he burns about 
two tons of sulphur and leaves the fumes 
for about a month before aerating. The 
eave is lit up with electric light, which 
he obtains from the street railway com¬ 
pany. 
After investigating thoroughly I said: 
“Mr. Stamm, tell me; have I got the 
theory correct? Is it not essential in 
order to keep the fruit to have a cave 
under a Swiss mountain, any cellar or 
storage room in which you can maintain 
seven degrees Celsius above 0 and 90 
degrees hygrometer moisture content will 
keep the fruit?” He said: “You have 
got it in a nutshell, like only an American 
can get it.” 
Propagation of Various Shrubs 
Will you kindly tell me the name of the 
plant, of which I am sending you a sam¬ 
ple blossrm. and also how it can he propa¬ 
gated. How can. in a small way, just for 
home )ise. the following shrubs be propa¬ 
gated : Rose of Sharon, Spiraea van 
Ilouttei, Japanese barberry, California 
privet. Syringa, Deutzia, Hydrangea, 
Snowball, Weigela, Clematis, .Wistaria? 
Windsor. X. Y. MRS. L. r. 
The flower sent is one of the greenhouse 
forms of Hydrangea hortensis. Many 
choice varieties have been sent out by 
French growers. It is propagated by cut¬ 
tings under glass, usually taken in Feb¬ 
ruary or March. 
Rose of Sharon may be propagated by 
seeds, by green cuttings under glass, or 
ripe wood cuttings in the open ground. 
The latter plan would probably be con¬ 
venient in tiiis case. Ripe wood cuttings 
should be made in the Fall, and stored 
where they will not freeze during Winter, 
then set like currant cuttings in the open 
ground in Spring. When in storage they 
should be kept rather dry, as too much 
moisture will start rotting. 
Spiraea van Ilouttei is propagated by 
cuttings of ripe wood, by root cuttings, 
and by layers. You would find layers 
asy and convenient, and may do it now. 
Rend down a shoot so that it will touch 
the ground, cutting a little slit in the bark 
on the lower side. Peg this down firmly 
with a forked stick, and cover the place 
with soil. By next Spring a good bunch 
of roots will be formed at the place where 
pegged down. The tip of the shoot with 
the roots is then cut off, and set as an 
individual plant. 
The Japanese barberry may be propa¬ 
gated by seeds, layers or cuttings of ripe 
'■'Old in Autumn; California privet by 
hardwood cuttings in the open ground; 
syringa (botanically Fhiladelphus) by 
cuttings, layers and suckers. Deutzias 
are increased by mature cuttings of the 
season’s growth, made in the Fall, and 
stored in a cool, moist place over Winter, 
planted out in Spring, or green cuttings 
are made from plants forced under glass 
in Winter. Hydrangeas are propagated 
by suckers, layers, and cuttings of green 
or half-ripe wood; snowball by layers or 
cuttings under glass. Weigela is easily 
propagated by ripe wood cuttings in the 
open air, or green wood under glass. 
Clematis is grown from cuttings under 
glass, from layers and from seed gathered 
as soon as ripe, and stratified until 
Spring. Wistaria may be grown easily 
from layers, from seeds, cuttings or ripe 
wood, or root cuttings. We would al¬ 
ways advise propagating from layers, 
whenever the plant is suited to this 
method, as it is very easy, certain, and 
there is no risk of loss. 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings 
Ohio State Fair, Columbus, August 30- 
31-Septembcr 1-4. 
lloruell Fair, Hornell, N. Y., August 
31-September 3. 
Iloosae Valley Agricultural Fair, North 
Adams. Mass.. September 3-6. 
Michigan State Fair, Detroit, Septem¬ 
ber 3-12. 
New York State Fair, Syracuse, Sep¬ 
tember 13-18. 
Norfolk County Agricultural Fair, 
Norfolk County Agricultural School, 
Walpole, Mass., September 15-16. 
Eastern States Exposition .Snringfield, 
Mass., September 19-25. 
Agricultural Society of Queens-Nassau 
Counties, annual fair, Mineola, N. Y., 
September 21-25. 
Sussex County Fair Association, an¬ 
nual fair, Branchville, N. J., September 
21-24. 
Interstate Fair, Trenton, N. J., Sep¬ 
tember 27-Oetober 1. 
International Belgian Horse Show and 
Dairy Cattle Congress, Waterloo, Iowa, 
September 27-October 3. 
Vermont State Fair, White River 
Junction, September 28-Oetober 1. 
National Swine Show and Exposition, 
Des Moines, Iowa, October 4-9. 
Annual fair. Danbury Agricultural So¬ 
ciety, Danbury, Conn., October 4-9. 
National Dairy Show, Chicago, Ill., 
October 7-10. 
New England Fruit Show, Hartford, 
Conn., November 5-9. 
National Grange, Boston, Mass., No¬ 
vember S-13. 
American Royal Live Stock Show, Kan¬ 
sas City, Mo., November 13-20. 
International Live Stock Exposition, 
Chicago, Ill., November 27-Deeember 4. 
