1596 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 9, 1920 
Milking 
A gentle, calf-like suction ia 
the teat cup. This soothing' 
action is what draws the milk. 
Managing 
---then a massage, from the 
end of the teat up---the exact 
action of the calfs tongue. 
S TUDY the natural action of this Per¬ 
fect Teat Cup, pictured above. First 
a gentle suction~then a eoothing massage, from 
the end of the teat up—the real calf action. 
Note the utter simplicity of this Teat Cup. It 
is easily assembled or taken apart without tools— 
and very easy to keep clean. The liner is abso¬ 
lutely seamless—cannot collect dirt and bacteria 
—and can easily be cleaned without remov¬ 
ing it from the shell. At the top is a rubber 
fa ring—soft, like the calf's 
.... nose—no cold metal to 
touch the cow. 
Improved Gutter in Cow Barn 
pipe did not become clogged, and the re¬ 
ply was that there was very little trouble 
in‘ the Winter, but that in the Summer 
they did sometimes become clogged, but 
that it was a simple matter to take a fork 
and clean them once a week if necessary. 
I could not help but notice that the cows 
were cleaner than the average dairy, and 
I could also appreciate some of the other 
advantages he mentioned from experience. 
I believe this device might be easily in¬ 
stalled on many dairy farms and assist 
the owner in keeping his dairy clean and 
comfortable. I am enclosing a rough 
drawing that may help to explain the 
idea more fully. h. L. c. 
Gouverneur, X. Y. 
Raising Water from Spring 
My spring is 500 tft. from house, the 
house 100 ft. above spring. Is there a 
pump that I could use at the house, seeing 
I must use an elbow of about 45 degrees 
where pump joins supply pipe? Would 
it be more advisable to put a force pump 
at spring, and if so, how can I keep the 
supply pipe from freezing between pump 
and freezing point in ground? 
East Greenville, I*a. w. a. b. 
In any pump in which the cylinder is 
located above the water level, as it would 
be in this case, the only force available 
to lift the water to the cylinder is that 
exercised by atmospheric pressure—the 
pressure or weight# of the air blanket 
which surrounds the earth. This pres¬ 
sure, commonly referred to as “suction. ’ 
bears down with a weight of approximate¬ 
ly 15 lbs. on every square inch of surface 
exposed to its action, and in the case of 
the pump, by reason of its pressure on 
the surface of the water in the well or 
spring, forces water up the pipe when the 
pressure is lifted from the other end of 
the water column by pulling the plunger 
upward. Water, however, is much heavier 
than air, and for every foot in depth ex¬ 
erts a pressure of .454 lbs. per square 
inch, consequently when the water column 
is raised to a certain height the weight 
of water in the pipe will just equal the 
atmospheric pressure pushing at the open 
end, a state of balance will be secured 
and the water column will come to a 
standstill. This condition is secured, at 
ordinary altitudes, when the water column 
reaches a height of about 54 ft., the col¬ 
umn at this height exerting a backward 
pressure of about 14.7 lbs. per square 
inch, which is equal to that exerted by 
the atmosphere, and the water will go no 
higher. From the above it is seen that 
when a pump is being installed the cylin¬ 
der must be put within 54 ft. (vertically! 
of the water to be lifted, and in actual 
almost every tool catalogue listing tools 
of this class, or such information can be 
obtained direct from the manufacturers. 
If desired, books can be obtained from 
publishers of technical books, machin¬ 
ists’ handbooks, that contain the informa¬ 
tion. but if the information concerning 
the drills is all that is desired, it can be 
obtained as well from the trade literature 
of advertisers in mechanical journals. 
K. II. s. 
Cleaning Water Pipes 
On page 1205 W. F. B. asks how to 
clear obstructed water pipes. We have 
had much trouble, and very succecssfully 
opened them with compressed air. In 
spraying our orchards we use compressed 
air for power. Filling one of these air 
tanks to 250 lbs. pressure, we attach the 
hose to the obstructed water pipe. The 
obstructing material is blown out in¬ 
stantly. JOE A. BUKTON. 
Indiana. 
Suggestions in Electric Wiring 
On page 1442 M. B. I). tells of the 
wiring of bit, own home. It is also done 
around here, but au amateur has to be 
careful to carry out the insurance regula¬ 
tions. 1 found that the installation of 
the familiar “buzzer’’ to sound upstairs, 
when the cellar light was turned on, and 
to continue to sound until it was turned 
off. was a great saver of electricity, for 
“they” leave the cellar light “on” very 
often. The hands are usually full of 
something. The buzzer is very easily in¬ 
stalled. I. K. F. 
“Tor see this hat,” said the man in the 
smoking car; “it looks like new. yet it is 
six years old. “IIow do you keep it look¬ 
ing so fresh and new?” “Well, I got it 
reblocked twice, and last week I ex¬ 
changed it for another hat in a res¬ 
taurant.”—Toronto Farmers’ Sun. 
Farm Mechanics 
A New Wrinkle for Dairy Barns 
Recently I was in a dairy barn and 
found there an arrangement that I have 
never before seen or read about in any 
book, paper or bulletin. I am passing it 
along, thinking it might be of interest to 
the readers of The R. N.-Y. When I 
first entered the stable I thought there 
were uo gutters at all. but soon saw that 
the gutters were the usual size, but were 
covered by a grating of %-inch pipe, run¬ 
ning lengthwise, so arranged with bingos 
that they could be easily raised for the 
purpose of cleaning the gutters. 
My first impression was anything but 
favorable, but I was willing to learn, and 
so inquired of the owner how the arrange¬ 
ment worked. He said that he would on 
no account ever have a barn without a 
grate, and that he had a lot of experience 
with the arrangement, as his father had 
one years ago which, however, had been 
constructed -of solid bars. The advan¬ 
tages he gave were as follows: lit 1 could 
keep his cattle cleaner with less work, 
and his statement was borne out by a 
herd of cattle cleaner than the average 
by far. It was much easier for the cows 
to back out of their stanchions, and they 
did not spatter the droppings ou the plat¬ 
form, themselves or their owner. There 
was less danger of cattle slipping and in¬ 
juring themselves when reaching for feed. 
It was much more comfortable milking, as 
the grate afforded a convenient foot-rest, 
rather than having one foot in the gutter. 
I inquired if the openings between the 
Drawing of grating to cover 
gutter in fpyfbarn_ 
3 Ap'ps 
r od o Q Concrete floor 
\ - G iiti er 
practice this distance should not exceed 
20 to 25 ft.; in fact, the cylinder should 
be as near the water as is possible, or. 
better yet, submerged, when conditions 
will permit it. 
In the case described the cheapest way 
of handling the situation Avould be to in¬ 
stall a force pump at the spring, as is 
suggested, unless sufficient water and fall 
are available to drive a ram. The pump 
can be kept from freezing by installing it 
in a dry well of sufficient depth to get 
the cylinder below the frost line while 
the set length reaching down to the cylin¬ 
der should have a small hole drilled in 
it at its lower end. which will permit it 
to drain automatically when pumping 
ceases. The service pipe leading to the 
house and barn should be placed in a 
trench of sufficient depth to prevent freez¬ 
ing. and particular attention paid to 
points where the line crosses a road or 
path or a portion of "found that is wind¬ 
swept, so that it does not get snow pro¬ 
tection during the Winter. These points 
freeze deeply. If desired, this service 
pipe can be run on a line of posts, or on 
the surface of the ground, and provided 
with a valve by which it can be drained 
after pumping. When this is done, make 
sure that every foot of the pipe slopes 
back to this drainage valve, preferably 
with a uniform slope, otherwise water is 
likely to collect in the pockets and, freez¬ 
ing. ruin the pipe line. 
While it is impossible to secure a pump 
that will work at the upper end of the 
line, an ordinary lift pump may be in¬ 
stalled in a dry well part way down the 
slope at a point where it is within suc¬ 
tion distance of the water supply. This 
is sometimes done where the greater part 
of the lift is caused by a short, abrupt 
slope near the buildings, and in cases of 
this kind results in getting the pumping 
equipment much nearer the point where 
the water is to be used. It is also pos¬ 
sible to put the power plant at the build¬ 
ings, and by means of an air compressor 
and pipe line onerate an automatic pump 
at the spring which will supply water 
as needed when the pressure is relieved 
at the upper end. The use of this outfit 
is not advised in this case, however. 
R. II. s. 
Twist Drill Sizes 
I understand that a person can buy a 
chart that gives the different sizes of 
all drills and taps, also the size of drill 
to use for a certain size tap. Do they 
have charts that relate to all sizes of 
drills and taps, and where could I get 
one? ii. a. s. 
Newington, N. II. 
In boring holes in metal for subsequent 
threading with a tap, a drill smaller in 
size than the tap used should be chosen. 
This is to allow for sufficient metal in 
which the threads may be cut. as it will 
be noted that the clear hole in a nut is 
smaller than the bolt upon which it is to 
be used. The degree of difference in size 
is also gauged by the number of threads 
per inch on the bolt to which the nut is 
to be fitted: the greater number of 
threads per inch the nearer the size of 
the drill approaches the tap to be used 
with it. For example, sizes of drills 
commonly used with the ordinary "V”’ 
thread, %-in. tap are given below, three 
different threads being listed : 
Size of tap. Threads per in. Size of drill. 
14-in. 
10 
5-32-in 
*4-in. 
IS 
11-04-iu 
4-in. 
20 
15-04-in 
It will be noted 
finer the thread to 
hole is drilled for 
being required for 
in the above that the 
be cut. the larger the 
the tap, less material 
the thread depth. 
Drill and tap tables can be found in 
After All -You Can't 
Improve on Nature 
—and that’s just the reason why, in building the 
Universal Teat Cup, we first made a most careful 
study of Nature’s original milker—the suckingcalf. 
And the result was—a teat cup that actually dup¬ 
licates this natural sucking action. 
The natural, alternating action of the Universal 
—the simplicity and absolute reliability of the 
machine—these are the secrets of the unqualified 
success of this famous, natural-action milker on 
the thousands of high class dairy farms where it is 
being used daily. 
The Universal milks with an 
alternating action. It milks 
Itdo teats (any too) while the 
other two are resting and being 
massaged. This action milks 
the cow in the most natural 
Way, requires less vacuum, less 
power and means a gentler 
and a cleaner job of milking • 
Columbus, O 
222 Mound St. 
Your dealer will be 
glad to demonstrata thi9 
famous natural milker. 
Sae him. Or write us 
direct for a catalog and 
vitally interesting book¬ 
let, “The Truth About 
Mechanical Milking.'* 
The Universal 
Milking Machine Co. 
