*The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1604 
'the pipe or chimney and the annoying dripping back 
occurs. The remedy is of course an increase in the 
draught sufficient to keep the temperature of the 
pipe and chimney interior above the point of con¬ 
densation. As far as possible control the fire by 
closing the dampers, permitting air to enter the fire 
rather than opening check dampers, which will per¬ 
mit cold air to enter the smoke pipe above the fire— 
the pipe is kept warmer. Avoid runs of horizontal 
piping as far as possible, but where unavoidable 
putting the piping together backward with the spigot 
end toward the stove and at the same time giving it 
a little slant in this direction will give.some relief, 
as it tends to conduct the “creosote'’ back to the fire. 
PREVENTING TROUBLE.—The best insurance 
aginsf trouble of this kind, as well as smoking, to¬ 
gether with a big lessening in the fire risk and a 
substantial saving in the quantity of fuel used, is 
a straight chimney extending from Ihe basement to 
a point at least two feet, above the ridge, with a 
file-lined flue of amide size for every pipe connected 
to it. Such a chimney should be tight, solid and 
warm, built in a protected location and with a con¬ 
crete cap at the top. A screen covering of large 
mesh will prevent the entrance of leaves or swallows 
for the purpose of nest building. a. n. s. 
Some Questions About Milk 
How much ought I to receive for milk per 100 lbs. 
testing 4.45 per cent butterfat. milk selling for $3.85 
per 100 lbs. for 3 per cent milk? j. F. F. 
New York. 
The differential allowed for extra butterfat is 4c 
for every one-tenth of 1 per cent in excess of 3 per 
cent, or 40c per lb. of butterfat. We assume it is de¬ 
sired to have the exact figures on this basis. ITere 
they are: 
100 lbs. 3 per eeut milk. $3.35 
1.45 lb. fat at 40c.5S 
$3.93 
The actual value of the fat in butter at present 
prices. 62c per lb., is 75c. or about 70c after paying 
for making the butter. On this basis the value of 
1 45 lbs. of fat, instead of 5Sc, is actually $1.0150. or 
$1.36 for the 4.45 per cent milk. 
The Dairymen’s League says in the new contract that 
I cannot sell my milk to anyone but the Dairymen’s 
League Co-operative Association. 1 am a member of 
the League, and they will not take all the milk that I 
produce, only about 20 per cent of it. What can I do 
in case such a thing will happen, as my branch tells me 
is the case now? J. F. F. 
New York. 
The plan as officially stated is that little or nothing 
can be done for a member of the League in such a sit¬ 
uation. unless he also becomes a member of the asso¬ 
ciation. If you become a member of the association, 
the idea is to pool your milk with all the milk of all 
other members, and after deducting expenses and 
assessments the balance will be divided among mem¬ 
bers in proportion to the volume of milk contributed 
by each. In case there is a surplus of the milk in 
the association, you may be directed to ship it else¬ 
where than to your regular station, or you may be 
directed to manufacture it at home. In either case 
the proceeds would be pooled, provided the product 
manufactured at home is accepted by the association. 
The Old Plan of Neighborhood Help 
Late in August a fierce tornado swept through 
Guilford, Conn. It did not cover as much territory 
as the storm recently reported from Allegany Co., 
N. Y.. but it did great damage and wrecked a num¬ 
ber of farmhouses and barns. Many years ago, in 
New England, when a farmer met with disaster or 
needed new buildings the entire community turned 
out for a “raising.” While this good old custom 
may have fallen out of use for the time, the memory 
of it remained, and the following extract from a 
local paper tells what happened: 
Labor Day assumed a new significance this year. It 
became a day of labor for the unfortunate rather than 
a holiday. On Monday last 59 men of Guilford re¬ 
sponded to the call sent out from the church pulpits on 
Sunday for volunteers to go to North Guilford the fid- 
lowing day and assist in the relief work for the suf¬ 
ferers from the tornado of last Tuesday. The trucks 
of I. S. Spencer’s Sons, Inc.. R. II. Norton & Sons and 
F. IT. Rolf went up carrying the volunteers and building 
supplies, and many more went up in private convey¬ 
ances. Several North Guilford men joined the little 
army of workers, so that nearly a hundred men were 
busy repairing the homes and barns that were devas¬ 
tated by the storm. The workers divided up into units, 
each unit devoting itself to a specified job, so that system 
prevailed. Efficient and enthusiastic co-operation re¬ 
sulted in the accomplishment of a wonderful amount of 
work. 
This is one way of saying “we have got to do it 
ourselves .” This outfit was well organized, and they 
accomplished a great work. They patched up several 
houses, borrowed sails and tents to cover barns, and 
brought order out of ruin on many a farm where 
the people had nearly given up in despair. The 
women came along and fed the workers. Then they 
all went home and started a “drive” for $10,000 
with which to put the poorer farmers squarely on 
*- ‘ ^ 
their feet. Thus the tornado did more than smash 
down these buildings. It blew together splendid 
Long Island Beauty Sweet Corn. Fig. ol.\. 
evidence of the brotherhood of man and the spirit 
of true Christianity. 
Growing Big Sweet Corn Ears 
T HE picture at Fig. 514 shows a sample ear of 
Long Island Beauty sweet corn grown by Mr. 
Charles S. Miller of Long Island. Mr. Miller sent 
us several ears—all as good as the one shown. lie 
says lie has had larger ears on his own table. We 
grow this variety in New Jersey, and sold this year 
many ears as large or larger than the one here 
shown. For big.corn of good quality this variety 
has given us good satisfaction. Mr. M. ler says the 
corn was planted in the drill, using a 4-8-4 fertilizer. 
It had good culture with cultivator and hand hoeing. 
Mr. Miller says that fertilizer and culture is not the 
whole story. Good corn soil is what makes the crop. 
October lfi, 1020 
This means a strong, warm soil, well drained and 
full of organic matter—either manure or a green 
crop plowed under. We have found sweet corn 1 
more exacting crop than common field corn. Yon 
cannot hope for a yield of big, well-filled ears unless 
you have a warm, rich soil which responds quioklv 
A low, wet, cloggy soil will not produce good sweet 
corn, nor will a light sand unless a wet season. 
Annual Sweet Clover in New York 
I have noticed a number of editorials in recent issues 
of The R. N.-Y. on the subject of annual Sweet clover 
The picture. Fig. 510, taken September 12. might lie ,,f 
interest. The seed was planted about May 1 an( ] 
thinned to six inches apart. Very slow growth was 
made until hot weather, in July; very rapid growth 
since that date. Seed set freely and in apparently <m<ul 
condition. n. iiigt.ey 
Orleans Co., N. Y. 
R N.-Y.—We keep right on at these reports of 
• annual Sweet clover, because wo believe the 
discovery of this plant is to work a revolution in 
the cultivation of our Northern soil. We do not 
know just how to handle it to best advantage, but 
we can find out. At any rate, a great manorial 
plant lias been discovered. The Government is ready 
to spend millions to develop an electric plant for 
taking nitrogen out of the air. In annual Sweet 
clover we have another plant which requires no 
Government appropriation, yet works night and day 
at the nitrogen-fixing job. 
Corn, Lime, Cows and Clover 
T HE bulletin of the Franklin (Mass.) County 
Farm Bureau contains the following account of 
a farm in that county. Many of our readers probably 
never heard before of a farm conducted on a three 
years’ rotation such as is here described: 
Up on the hills of North Heath there is to be seen 
one of the best demonstrations of the great value of a 
three-year rotation combining cows, corn, lime and 
clover, in building up and increasing the productiveness. 
Mr. A. (). Sumner bought from his father, in 1907, 
(he farm which has been in the family for 85 years. 
For 10 years previously he had worked for his father 
as a hired man, an apprenticeship which seems to have 
been served by many of our successful farmers. The 
farm consists <>f about 100 acres, 30 acres of which is 
tillable. Ten years ago Mr. Sumner began to conduct 
his 30 acres on a three-year rotation, 10 acres in corn 
with manure and one ton of lune per acre, seeded to 
clover in the corn, thus giving his 10 acres in corn, 10 
acres in clover and 10 acres in second year hay. The 
land was thus in grass only two-years and when plowed 
only one year from the clover sod. It was then given a 
coat of manure and a ton of lime. As stated, in 10 
years the yield of hay on this land has been doubled. 
This is the rotation which we have been long recom¬ 
mending. and here is a long time demonstration of just 
what this rotation will do when given a new chance. 
Mr. Sumner winters from 45 to 50 head of stock on 
his 30 acres of tillable land. It is only fair to state 
that he has another farm some distance away, upon 
which he cuts about 10 loads of hay per year, and 
where he pastures some of his stock, and the manure 
from this hay has, of course, helped out the fertility of 
the home farm, but the results of the three-year lime 
and clover rotation are none the less convincing to those 
who have carefully followed the development of the 
farm. The farm makes a specialty of grade Shorthorn 
cattle, with milk, apples, maple sugar and poultry as 
profitable lines. The herd of high grade Shorthorn 
cattle has always been beaded by a registered sire, but 
Mr. Sumner now sees he made a mistake in not adding 
one or two good registered females when he started. 
Had he done so he might now have had a registered 
herd at very little more trouble or expense. Ilis milk 
is shipped to the Boston market. 
lie never sells a veal calf, but raises all his bull 
calves for steers, selling them when about three years 
old for working oxen, and lias found this quite profit¬ 
able. He also raises all of his heifers, selling them as 
milk cows to the Brighton market at maturity. 
Tie usually picks about 400 barrels of apples, but 
with his young trees now coming into bearing he expects 
a crop of about 700 barrels this year. lie lias a young 
orchard of 300 trees just beginning to bear that he has 
developed in a rather unusual manner. lie has gathered 
native seedling apple trees while small, planted them in 
the garden and then budded them. He believes that 
these make far superior trees to those usually purchased 
from the nurseries, believing that they have a better 
root system and are more hardy and productive. Ins 
orchards are well cared for. and he lias a fine reputation 
for the quality of the fruit. 
He has taken a good deal of pains in the development 
of the sugar orchard, and has carefully cleared out the 
beech and weed trees from his best maples, until In' has 
a fine young orchard, where he now sets 890 buckets, 
and in a few years will have a much larger capacity. 
Ho has a flock of about 00 heiis, which has proved a 
irofitable side line. > . . 
As will lie seen, this farm business is so organized 
hat there is regular productive work and Continuous 
ncoine all of the year around. Milk and eggs are con- 
inuous; sugar in the Spring, corn and hay during the 
summer, and apples in the Fall, with young stoca 
yowing into money all of the time, T 
As to success, Mr. Sumner started at the bottom, lit 
s stiff a young man. but owns a splendid farm, stocK 
nij tools. He lias improved the build : nr's. g''own a 
-iing apple orchard, developed a sugar orchard, douoiea 
I - carrying capacity for stock, and has a fine family 
4 four children. This is a pretty substantial aceom- 
dishment for 13 years’ work. It has meant hard worK, 
nd Mr. Sumner feels that he should now he able to 
ake things a little easier, but the labor situation is 
naking this impossible, and lie is somewhat discom* 
iged, so this year he has planted no corn, nut top 
tressed all his' meadows, thus breaking Ins 
fter 10 years of carefully following. He says that n-0 
s cheaper to raise than corn, and he can get along witu 
ess labor, but if he could get labor he would go back 
o his old rotation. 
