1647 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
known.” So I said that if a woman 
would take this big fruit, cut out the 
core, put in a teaspoonful of brown sugar 
and bake slowly in ji pan containing a 
little water a pleasant thing might hap¬ 
pen. The chances were that after eating 
this delicacy her husband would go right 
out and buy her a sealskin coat. The man 
of course tried to laugh and look pleasant, 
but I think his wife was a woman of ex¬ 
perience. She glanced about and saw 
Mother standing near listening attentively 
to my story. Here was a lady who had 
prepared many an apple for her husband 
—yet she never had any sealskin coat! 
These salesmen must be prepared to prac¬ 
tice their own preaching—or keep out of 
the pulpit! At another time I tried this 
argument on a woman who merely looked 
freezingly at me. She had no husband 
and “did not care for one !” “Salesman¬ 
ship” and winged imagination are all right 
no doubt, but like everything else, they 
must fit in properly or they make trouble. 
it. \v. e. 
Formation of Hotbed 
1 am constructing a hotbed or hotpit 
10x20 ft. 1 have wondered if I could 
use straw taken from poultry houses and 
from duck and goose pens to use in place 
of the regular horse manure compost. 
I found last Winter that such straw put 
in piles outside became very hot. and, I 
believe, kept the heat all the Winter. 
Atlantic Highlands, N. J. k. p. c. 
The material for making a hotbed is 
almost invariably fresh horse manure, to 
which should be added at least one-half 
of its bulk of forest leaves or straw. 
These materials should be thoroughly 
mixed together and trodden down in suc¬ 
cessive layers, forming a cone-shaped heap 
large enough to generate fermentation 
in freezing weather. A few days will 
he required for fermentation to take place 
after the pile has been thrown together. 
When a lively fermentation has taken 
place, which will be indicated by ('scap¬ 
ing steam, it must be again turned over 
and a new pile formed as in the first 
handling, and be allowed to remain until 
the second fermentation takes place, 
which will be in two to four days. It is 
now in condition to be placed in the pit. 
being beaten down with the back of the 
fork or gently trodden with the feet, so 
that the entire bulk of manure may be 
made of uniform solidity and depth, which 
should be not less than SO in., paying 
particular attention to the edges of the 
manure against the frames to see there 
are no hollow spaces. After the manure 
has been properly placed in the frame 
/the sash must be put on. and a thermom¬ 
eter plunged in the heating material. 
When the heat rises it will probably go 
to 100 (legs, for a few days, which is too 
hot for almost any kind of vegetable 
growth, and. besides, the strong steam 
given off by the fermentimr material 
should be allowed to escape before sow¬ 
ing or planting. When the temperature 
in the heating material drops to about 
DO (legs., it should be covered with soil 
to a depth of five or six inches. This soil 
should be previously prepared of two- 
thirds good loam and one-third well- 
rotted manure, spread evenly over the 
surface of the heating material in the 
hotbed. As soon as the soil warms 
through it may be sown or planted to 
such crops as it is wished to grow. I 
have never tried hen manure as a substi¬ 
tute for horse manure, but should judge 
it would answer the purpose equally well. 
It is rich in ammonia, and there is no 
doubt about its heating qualities. Just 
what the effect of this heavily laden am- 
moniated steam it gives off will have on 
vegetation under glasct. I am unable to 
say. K. 
Something New in Bordeaux Mixture 
It is rare that a great discovery comes 
to us perfected at its birth, as did Bor¬ 
deaux mixture. Innumerable variations, 
improvements and additions have been 
suggested, and mechanical improvements 
have enabled us to spread the spray with 
greater facility, but after 40 years the 
old standard 5-5-50 remains almost as 
Millerdet gave it to us. 
When the war sent the price of copper 
sulphate up to 20 and 50c per lb., two 
English scientists. l)r. Bickering and the 
Ihike of Bedford, begun experiments to 
economize the use of copper, which, as 
everyone knows, is the important part of 
Bordeaux. As the efficiency of the cop¬ 
per seemed to depend on its being in per¬ 
fect solution, the effect of varying the 
amounts of lime was tried until they made 
a spray of saturated lime water and cop¬ 
per sulphate. This was of necessity a di¬ 
lute spray, as the usual amount of blue- 
stone (lVi per cent ) would burn the foli¬ 
age when there is so little of lime to neu¬ 
tralize the sulphuric acid. 
By reducing the amount of bluestone to 
seven-tenths of 1 per cent, this was avoid¬ 
ed. and an effect ive spray was made which 
controls certain fungus diseases as well as 
the stronger solution which we use. 
Binee 1511(5 the chemists and plant doc¬ 
tors of the United States Department of 
Agriculture have been testing this type of 
Kpray, and report that it is efficient to 
control the late blight of potatoes and 
cranberry rot. but up to date has not 
proven useful for the spraying of apples 
<M ' grapes. The method of making it is to 
pat a considerable amount of freshly 
suiK(«d lime into a barrel or tank and stir 
a thoroughly. As soon as it settles, stir 
again, and after it is clear the lime water 
U| ay be drawn or dipped off to till the 
s P ,, ay tank. Copper sulphate is dissolved 
! ls usual, 1 lb. to a gallon, by putting it 
n sack and letting it hang over the edge 
the barrel just in the water. If an 
ordinary 100-gallon spray tank is used, 
5% gallons of this to 04 of lime water 
will give the Pickering spray, which has 
been found most efficient, in the control of 
late blight of potatoes. 
This mixture would correspond to a 
Bordeaux formula of 2 1 / 4-I -50 instead of 
our reliable 5-5-50, which it seems to quite 
equal in the control of disease and the 
stimulation of yield. 
The economy of copper sulphate is con¬ 
siderable when we consider that no less 
than 10 lbs. per acre are necessary for a 
thorough spraying of full grown vines. 
When this is multplied by 15 sprayings, 
as given by the best Long Island growers, 
it will be seen that the saving is consider¬ 
able. 
Another advantage is found in the lack 
of sediment which is likely to get past the 
strainers and clog the nozzles. Arsenates 
or tobacco preparations may be used with 
the Pickering sprays as well as with 
standard Bordeaux, or the sal soda Bor¬ 
deaux now so extensively used in Eastern 
Long Island and Aroostook County, Me. 
Long Island. h. f. button. 
Cement Stucco 
I would like to have information about 
stucco. I have heard that there are two 
kinds of stucco—one of cement base and 
another of asphalt base. A. w. v. 
Pella, la. 
Stucco, as commonly used today, con¬ 
sists of a cement mortar or plaster. It is 
used to a great extent, both as a material 
for remodeling and for new construction, 
partitions and walls being built of stucco 
alone when properly supported by metal 
lath or expanded metal, as it. is sometimes 
called. Ordinarily it consists of a mix¬ 
ture of Pcfrtland cement and clean, well- 
graded sand, with the addition of about 
one part of hydrated lime for every 10 
parts of cement. Common stone lime may 
be used instead of the hydrated lime if 
carefully slaked. The use of hydrated 
lime, however, prevents the possibility of 
the stucco being injured by having par¬ 
ticles of unslaked lime embedded in it. 
Hydrated lime presents other advantages 
in storing and handling that make its use 
advisable when it can be obtained. 
Stucco can be applied over a variety of 
surfaces; concrete blocks, brick, wood 
walls, asphalt-treated patent lath and 
metal lath, as well as many other sur¬ 
faces. can be successfully covered with 
this material. An important point in its 
use is to secure a rigid support for it. as 
distortion of any kind after once setting 
is likely to cause cracking. For this rea¬ 
son walls should be carefully braced and 
placed on secure foundations, and where 
wood lath is used it is sometimes coated 
with asphalt to prevent, as far as possible, 
the absorption of water and consequent 
swelling. Ready-mixed stucco can be ob¬ 
tained, as well as a variety of ingredients, 
patent and otherwise, for the waterproof¬ 
ing of home-mixed stucco. The Portland 
Cement Association, Chicago. Ill., has a 
number of bulletins ou stucco, giving rec¬ 
ommended practice for the mixing and 
placing of this material. r. h. s. 
“Buy a Bag of Cement” 
I was greatly pleased to see on page 
1378 the cut entitled, “A Beautiful Rural 
Bchool.” I recognized it instantly as the 
building in District No. 9. town ‘of Can¬ 
andaigua, Ontario County, N. Y. Labor 
Day was observed at this school on Sep¬ 
tember 6 by the people of the district 
coming together for the purpose of con¬ 
structing a cement and bowlder exten- 
tion into the waters of the beautiful 
Canandaigua Lake, which its just across 
the highway from the building and 
grounds, as shown in the picture. Resi¬ 
dents of Canandaigua and others were con¬ 
tributing a sack of cement each to aid in 
this construction work. The construction 
of a proper boat landing is part of the 
program which will be participated in by 
many business and professional men who 
received their early schooling here, but 
who have moved to other sections to fol¬ 
low their chosen life work. 
The beautiful shrubbery which adorns 
this school ground is one of the principal 
attractions on this 10-mile lake shore 
drive, which is concededly one of the 
most beautiful in Western New York. 
Besides the pioneer idea of thus celebrat¬ 
ing Labor Day. this district has an en¬ 
dowment fund in the hands of a trustee 
in order that the income may be used to 
keep the grounds perpetually fit. Dr. 
Charles F. Booth, who has a Summer 
cottage in the vicinity of this school, was 
the chief promoter and designer of this 
exceptional landscaping. He is also the 
originator of the “buy-a-bag-of-cement” 
campaign. johx shea. 
New Way 
End Your 
Roof Troubles 
For 
Everij 
Roof 
To every man who has a roof over his head and over his TTnrfpr* ■#•/*/> 
property this advertisement is of vital importance. It pre- UWMZr UIV 
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For many years Country Gentleman Asbestos Roof 
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M. G. STONEM AN 
Founder in 1848 
Country Gentleman 
Reg. U. S. Pat. Off 
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A Thousand Money-Saving Uses 
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1 The 
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Write today for full particulars, 
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7 The Plaza Albany, N. Y. 
Established 
1848 
■ Name. 
^ Occupation- 
• Address • • 
r ■ ■ 
Remember 
Dab Saves a Dollar.” 
