1700 
•Px RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November C, 1920 
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room) warm as you want it 
in coldest weather. 
When you buy a CaloriC Pipeless 
Furnace you get a written Money- 
back Guarantee that' it must ‘‘heat 
your home to 70 degrees in coldest 
weather.” 
CaloriC engineers made pipeless 
heating a success—and their un¬ 
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heating over 100,000 homes more 
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Write for book and names of users 
near you—or see nearest dealer. 
THE MONITOR STOVE COMPANY 
(The Monitor Family) 
1307 Bush Terminal Sales Itldg. 
New York New York 
The M.S.Co 192.0 
For Sale OUR LEADER 
160 ACRES LEVEL, PRODUCTIVE SOIL 
three-crop country; 15 miles from Mobile. 50 acres in 
cultivation; balance can easily be put in shape for culti¬ 
vation. Farms no belter, near this, clearing t hemselves 
each year. Well improved; convenient to shipping facil¬ 
ities. Price, |u 2.000. a bakuain. For particulars re¬ 
garding this and other lands we have for sale in a 
BEUTHl AM) FKOSPKItOCS country, address 
THOMPSON-NEELY REALTY CO., 65 St. Francis St., MOBILE, ALA. 
References! exchanged. 
FARM FOR SALE: 112Acres 
alfalfa soil; good buildings: 86,500; 76 acres Al¬ 
falfa soil; 83,500; only $1,500 down. Come and 
see them. Geo. K. Cross, BE Seneca St,, Oneida, N Y. 
\vww 
Buy Paint 
’JVWWV 
DIRECT of MANUFACTURER 
$1.25 
per gallon in 5 gal. cans 
Red, Brown and Yellow 
«ni Ti r '* pPpv» Roof, Barn 
KUUlLlLD and Build¬ 
ing Paint. Green, Gray and Maroon 
15c extra. Durable, Elastic and Pre¬ 
servative. Established over 30 years. 
Reference; Lincoln Trust Co., Jersey Gty, N. J. 
NEW JERSEY PAINT WORKS 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
GsXabWsheA 
. 1855 , 
&PTIK6 J 
/^STEAffi^N, 
TRADE MARK 
PROTECTION against chilling of the 
ITIYV^ I E.V* IIWLY body . often a fore , 
runner of colds, pneumonia and rheumatism. 
EVERY GARMENT 
and guaranteed not to shrink. 
Fine Gray Winter Weight, 
four qualities. 
Fine Gray Super Weight, 
three qualities. 
Fine Worsted Merino, 
Medium weight. 
Prices 
$2.50 
to $7.00 
Per Garment 
Regular Sizes. 
For Sale by Leading Dealers 
Write for booklet — sample cuttings. 
Yours for the Asking. Dept. 33 
The GLASTONBURY KNITTING CO. 
GLASTONBURY, C0NN._ 
Farm Mechanics 
Water Supply in Orchard 
We have an orchard of about 100 acres 
I —rolling ground. There is a stream of 
I considerable size with a How of water 
about as large as the body of an ordinary 
man. The stream conics from a large 
spring near our property, and the stream 
flows along one side of the orchard. There 
is a fall at one point of about 8 or 10 ft. 
I am anxious to know if I could get re¬ 
sults with a water ram at this fall to 
force the water to a distance of about 
2,000 ft. to a tank of, say, 50 or 100 hhls. 
located somewhere in the middle of this 
tract of land, for the purpose of furnish¬ 
ing water for spraying purposes. The 
water would have to be moved from the 
ram to the point of delivery to a height 
of 15 to 20 ft. In other words, the water 
line from the ram to the point of delivery 
would pass over a ridge of some 15 or 20 
ft. in height. I should like to know what 
size ram and what size water line would 
have to be laid. o. av. J. 
Without knowing the exact amount of 
water available it is impossible to give 
you a definite reply in regard to ram, 
size needed, etc. You state that the 
stream has “a considerable flow of water, 
about as large as the body of an ordinary 
man.” . This statement really gives very 
little information concerning the quan¬ 
tity of water available, for it is readily 
seen that were a stream of this size 
(cross section) flowing with a velocity 
of (> ft. per second, twice as much water 
would pass a given point in a given time 
as would were the velocity hut 3 ft. per 
second. 
A satisfactory way of obtaining the 
flow of a stream of this size is by means 
of a weir. This is simply a tight board 
dam placed in the stream, forming a 
small pond above it and discharging the 
water over a rectangular notch cut in 
the top. By measuring the depth of this 
discharge and referring to weir tables the. 
exact quantity of water available may he 
determined. As these weir tables, to¬ 
gether with full directions for construct¬ 
ing a weir, are found in practically every 
ram or water-wheel catalogue, no further 
description will he given here. 
It is pretty safe to assume, however, 
that the stream has a minimum flow of 
at. least 12 gals, per minute, and if this 
is the e;i*e, it should handle satisfactorily 
a ram using a 2-in. drive pipe and sup¬ 
plying a 1-ill. pipe leading to the tank 
in the orchard. Such a ram. if installed 
properly, should furnish from 40 to 00 
gals, of water *per hour. Tf upon meas¬ 
urement it is found that more water is 
available, a larger ram can he used. The 
use of a larger ram. however, will in¬ 
crease the cost considerably, not only in 
the advanced price of the ram itself,' hut 
in the higher cost of the larger pipe 
needed with it. A ram pumps slowly, but 
constantly—it. is at work 24 hours per 
day, and where sufficient storage is pro¬ 
vided a small ram will furnish a vast 
supply of water. 
From the description given I assume 
that the pipe line passes, or is to pass, 
over a ridge 15 to 20 ft. high and then 
down again to the orchard. If this is 
the case, the pumping head would N> the 
difference between the level of the ram 
and the surface of the wate- in the 
storage tank, not to the high point on 
the ridge over which the line is to pass. 
The pipe, passing over this ridge, would 
act as a sinlion. and the water in the 
downhill end would tend to balance that 
ascending from the ram to the top of the 
spring. Would it not he possible to lo¬ 
cate the snpnly tank on this c-re«t, plaeing 
it high enough to permit the overflow 
from the tank to be used as a water sup¬ 
ply at the farm buildings, if thev arc 
within reach and not already supplied? 
R. n. s. 
Water Supply from Spring 
I have a spring in my pasture which I 
would like to pipe to the house and barn. 
It is 208 ft. from the house, and 80S ft. 
from the barn. The soring is in a 50-gni. 
barrel. When I dip the wate it it fills 
again in a.a t one hour. Should I get 
more water oy making it bigger, and 
making the sides of cement? Can T use 
a ram and force the water into the house? 
If so, what size pipe do I need? Pan I 
bring the overflow from the house to the 
barn? Where I would like to put the 
ram is 258 ft. away from the spring and 
has a drop of 2 ft. 10 in.; from ram to 
house is 1l0 ft., with a rise of 7 ft. Over¬ 
flow from house to barn is 00 ft. I have 
one horse, three cows and 12 pig's to 
water during Winter. w. n. v. 
Geneva, N. Y. 
If (he spring bottom is clean, so that 
the water hubbies up freely, enlarging it 
will not increase the water supply. By 
making the reservoir larger, however, 
more water could be stored, and some of 
that which now runs away he retained 
for use if it. is needed. The concrete 
spring curb fitted with a good cover and 
screened vent to prevent the entrance of 
insects, etc., would he excellent from a 
sanitary standpoint, even if no larger than 
the old 50-gallon cask. 
From your report it is evident that the 
normal flow of the spring as it now stands 
is less than one gallon per minute. This 
is not a sufficient quantity of water to op¬ 
erate a ram properly; the fall to the ram 
is also low, so that the rise of a ram is 
out of the question. 
Probably your best arrangement under 
the circumstances is to install one of the 
hydro-pneumatic systems in. the basement 
of your home. To make this most satis¬ 
factory a small gasoline engine or electric 
motor should be put in to drive the pump 
With this arrangement water could be de¬ 
livered under pressure in any room in the 
house; a hot, and cold water system, with 
toilet and hath would he made possible 
If it is not desired to go to all this ex¬ 
pense the tank can he supplied by a hand- 
operated force pump in the kitchen or cel¬ 
lar. and if it is desired to be still more 
economical in the installation, a pump 
with a two-way cock may be used m the 
kitchen sink, which, by the turning of a 
valve, will permit pumping either direct 
from the spout or through a pipe to a 
small tank in the attic. Wheji water is 
desired for drinking purposes it can he 
pumped fresh from the spring, and the 
tank kept, full to supply other uses. V 
half-inch pipe controlled by a valve at the 
lower end may be run from this tank to 
the reservoir now on the stove, so that 
hot water may he supplied without the 
carrying necessary without the tank. A 
range boiler constantly connected with 
this overhead supply is of course better, 
as it does not require the attention that 
the reservoir does, and water can be 
drawn from it through faucets over the 
sink, relieving the necessity of carrying it. 
The main thing, however, is to get the 
water into the house, for when once so 
installed its advantages will be so obvious 
that the. other improvements will he al¬ 
most sure to follow. 
Whether you could lead water from a 
tank in the attic of the house to the barn 
depends upon the location. If the house 
is above the barn, as I expecj; it is. this 
could he done; otherwise not. With the 
pressure tank referred to, however, water 
could be forced to the barn even though 
it. were higher than the house; its eleva¬ 
tion would make no difference within rea¬ 
sonable limits. From 50 to 70 gallons 
daily would he needed for the stock. If 
a gravity tank is used, ca ,- e should be 
taken to see that it is well boxed in and 
connected with the warm rooms below, or 
other provision made to prevent freezing. 
By writing your Congressman you can 
get I' armors’ Bulletin 0-41, which gives 
much valuable material ou installing home 
water supplies. Extension Bulletin (il of 
the University of Minnesota, and obtain¬ 
able from them at St. Paul, together with 
Montana Bulletin or Circular (36. obtain¬ 
able from Bozeman, Mont, are also good, 
the latter two describing some very sim¬ 
ple homemade installations. R. ir. s. 
More About Kerosene Engines 
On page 1435 there is a query on kero¬ 
sene engines which says it works without 
n carburetor or electrical ignition. It 
says the charge is heated by “compression 
heat. ’ I would like to know how this 
neat is obtained when first starting up, 
especially in cold weather. c. r. 
In the engiue under question the fuel 
is not drawn in through a carburetor, 
causing it to enter the engine in the form 
of a vapor, as is the case with the or¬ 
dinary type of engine. The fuel drops in 
by gravity in a liquid state, the quantity 
admitted being controlled by a metering 
pin which is in turn opened more or less 
by the governor, admitting a greater or 
lesser quantity of fuel as the load re¬ 
quires. . This liquid fuel is retained in a 
cup inside of the firing chamber, which is 
in direct connection, by means of perfor¬ 
ations. with the interior of the engine 
cylinder. On the suction stroke of the 
engine fresh air only is drawn into the 
cylinder, there being no carhuretorr and 
on the compression stroke immediately 
following this is compressed or squeezed 
into a very, small spare. This high com¬ 
pression. with the consequent big increase 
in temperature, is possible because of the 
fact that nothing hut pure air is being 
compressed. It would not be possible 
were the. vaporized fuel mixed with the 
air, as it is with the engine with which we 
are all more or less familiar. Toward 
the end of the compression stroke, when 
the temperature gets high enough, a por¬ 
tion of the liquid fuel in the fuel cup is 
vaporized and ignites. The resulting ex¬ 
plosion forces the remainder of the fuel 
out of the cup through the perforations 
mentioned, in the form of a small spray 
which is ignited by the beat and produces 
the power stroke of the engine. The first 
explosion is obtained in a cold engine by 
spinning the fly-wheels. The machine is 
equipped with heavy fly-wheels in which 
can lie stored suflicient momentum to car¬ 
ry the engine over the initial explosion 
point by spinning them rapidly. A relief 
cam releasee the compression to permit 
this motion being secured. When com¬ 
pression is released by this the machine 
cranks easily and as quickly as it is 
cranked sufficiently fast the relief lever 
can he pushed over, which permits, com¬ 
pression to take place and the engine to 
fire. No spark, hot tube or other ignition 
device is used; the charge of fuel is 
ignited by the heat of compression alone. 
It. lias probably been noted how hot a tire 
pump will become when inflating a tire 
up to 70 or SO lbs., and when it is remem¬ 
bered that the compression in this engine 
is carried to five or six times this amount 
it will be more easily seen how it can 
ignite tlie charge by compression alone. 
