1876 
<2h RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 11, 1920 
$4,000 from 4 acres of apricots 
$7,500 from 20 acres of peaches 
$25,000 from 35 acres of grapes 
(Cut these figures in two, to be safe, and returns still are large) 
San Joaquin Valleu 
Cali fbrma 
There is but one California. It is a garden. It is a 
scenic paradise. It is the place of no winter. You 
get the most out of life for yourself and family. 
See it, this winter, when the East is snowbound. 
lfou (anFaimAllYearm California 
» 
The Santa Fe operates five trains 
a day from Chicago and Kansas City 
to winterless California. Two of 
them — the California Limited and 
the San Francisco Limited—are solid 
Piditnan trains with dining cars all 
the way. The Navajo, Scout and 
Missionary carry standard and tourist 
sleepers and chair cars; meals in 
dining-cars east of Kansas City and 
at station dining rooms west. Meal 
service for all trains by Fred Harvey. 
The two Limiteds and the Missionary 
have through sleepers by way of 
Grand Canycr.: of Arizona, the world’s 
scenic wonder. The Santa Fe tourist 
sleepers are comfortable and you 
save half on the berth rate. Station 
meals also are economical—a “square 
meal” for a dollar. 
Our illustrated folders, descriptive of Caliiornia lands, and the trip there, mailed on 
request. Let me help you plan your trip, and advise about places worth looking over. 
C. L. Seagraves, Supervisor of Agriculture, A. T. & S. F. Ry., 
930 Railway Exchange, Chicago, Illinois. 
5 daily trains to California 
No storing costly fodder for months 
of snow and ice. Flere you can 
profitably raise alfalfa, grain, fruit, 
stock and poultry. You have benefits 
of established communities. Schools 
are ready, and fine roads. The 
various fruit associations have a 
remarkable marketing system. You 
raise the fruit; no bother about 
markets. That problem has been 
worked out for you. 
Land values still are within reason¬ 
able bounds—considering what you 
get in return. The San Joaquin 
Valley can support many thousands 
of families, on twenty and forty acre 
tracts. The world competes for 
what you raise, because of superior 
quality. 
p _,l. l/iMalonJ >»ild climate, productive soil excel- 
UUIliBIU imeianu lent markets, farms all descriptions 
sizes, prices, stocked and equipped: many exceptional bar¬ 
gains. Catalogue by request. EVAN A. HOPKINS, Vinelind, N. J. 
MAKK A DOI.T.AIt AN IKH It. SELL MENU MTS 
a patent patch for instantly mending leaks 
in all utensils. Sample p a c k a g o free. 
COLLETTE MFO. CO.. Pept. 108, Amsterdam, N.V, 
Farm Water Problems 
Reducing Size of Pipe 
I had much difficulty in getting galvan¬ 
ized pipe to carry water from spring; 
I could not get. 1% in.; had to ttiUe 1 in. 
I sent for some catalogues, and all the 
pumps illustrated showed the bottom 114 
in. Could I put on a reducer to conform 
with the 1 in. pipe without impairing the 
working of the pump? J. w. P. 
Canaan, N. Y. 
In regard to the use of 1-in. pipe for 
the suction line of the pump, it is poor 
practice to use a smaller pipe for this 
purpose than the pump is fitted for. 
However, as you already have the pipe, it 
may be fitted to the pump by using a 
114-in nipple and a 1%-iu. to 1-in. re¬ 
ducer. The effect on the pump will be 
to make it work hard, because of the 
greater friction caused by the increased 
velocity of the water in the 1-in. pipe. 
Few people realize it. but water will have 
to flow nearly twice as rapidly in a 1-in. 
pipe as in a 114-in. size to discharge at 
the same rate. This makes quite a dif¬ 
ference when we remember that the only 
force available to carry water up to the 
cylinder of a pump is that of atmospheric 
pressure—“suction,” as we call it—a 
force of only about 15 lbs. per square 
inch. To make the pump work as freely 
ns possible under the load imposed upon 
it by the small piping used, install a 
vacuum chamber hs described on page 
1736 of The R. N.-Y. This relieves 
pumping strains considerably, as it per¬ 
mits the water column in the pipe a more 
nearly constant motion when pumping is 
being done; it is started and stopped more 
gradually. K. H. s. 
Barrel System for* Raising Water 
Our experience may be helpful to W. 
R. Y., page 1700. Not having any more 
money than most ncw-to-the-landers, and 
no money for a well, we had a good 
spring, and wanted water in the kitchen. 
This was 200 feet away and seven feet 
above the spring to grade at house. I 
managed to get 200 feet of pipe, all sizes, 
beginning with *4-inch and finished with 
lVi-inch. and five barrels. I put one at 
tlie brook and four, one on top of each 
other, under the back porch, the bottom 
being 114 barrels below the spring level. 
point from which the water is to be 
raised, and the elevation over which the 
water is to be lifted cannot be over 34 
feet. In actual practice this limit has 
to be reduced somewhat because of fric¬ 
tion. minute air leaks, etc. 
From your description it seems that 
you have neither of these conditions. 
The hollow to which you wish to siphon 
the water, as I understand it. is approxi¬ 
mately level with the worked area of the 
mine, so that the point of entrance and 
point of discharge would be about on a 
revel, and in addition the raise over the 
ridge—20 to 30 feet, as you estimate— 
comes very near the limit of lift. Rais¬ 
ing the pipe at this point as you suggest 
would only complicate matters, as it 
would increase the lift beyond the maxi¬ 
mum possible, and at the same time give 
no more lifting effect. It is perhaps a 
strange thing to grasp, but increasing the 
fall in the discharge end of the line by 
raising the upper end of it* will have 
absolutely no effect, in increasing the 
flow of water in the pipe. Neither will 
increasing its length so long as the dis¬ 
charge end is made no lower. The only 
thing that will augment the flow is the 
actual lowering of the discharge end. and 
then only when the ridge over which the 
water has to be carried is less than 34 
feet high. 25 to 30 feet making maximum 
actual working distance. R. H. S. 
Glazed Tile for Water Pipe 
I wonder whether any of your readers 
have had experience in carrying water 
in glazed tile? We have a spring about 
100 rods away which we brought to the 
buildings some years ago in the best iron 
pipe we could get. which is now worth¬ 
less. A neighbor suggests two-inch glazed 
tile with cemented joints as probably tlie 
most permanent thing that can be used, 
with the added advantage of having no 
possible undesirable effect upon the water 
passing through it. The idea appeals to 
me. and I should like to know whether 
it has been tried out. F. W. c. 
Pennsylvania. 
R. N.-Y.—We have never tried it. but 
now that a loug iron pipe lias begun to 
rust we wish we had. Let us have ex¬ 
perience from readers. No doubt some 
of them have tried glazed tile. We learn 
S 
/ 
, ,Goocf Hogs 
Made Better 
All hogs that grow fast and produce pork 
at a profit are good hogs. And the difference 
between good hogs and poor hogs —between profit 
and loss —is largely the difference in their health 
and vigor. You can hurry your hogs to market 
weight in shorter time—cash-in on them quicker 
—make good hogs better—make poor hogs profit¬ 
able, by adding to their ration a small amount of 
Pratts Hog Tonic 
Not a food—does not actually grow bone and flesh 
—but a tonic and regulator, that tones up the system 
and puts hogs in tip-top condition. Helps keep dis¬ 
ease away, makes hogs healthy and hearty. Then 
they stand up under the strain of heavy feeding and 
turn all their feed into pork. If you’ve never used 
Pratts Hog Tonic you don’t realize how fast a hog 
can grow if given a fair chance. 
Here’s what we know about Pratts Hog Tonic—and our money-back 
guarantee backs this statement: It makes hogs healthy—it keeps 
hogs healthy—its use brings more pounds of pork from each bushel 
of feed—it brings hogs to full market weight 30 days quicker— 
it improves breeding stock so big litters of strong pigs are the rule. 
“Your Mbney Back if YOU Are Not Satisfied” 
Make the test at our risk. Every day you 
delay means a loss to you—so start today. 
There's a Pratt Dealer near you 
PRATT FOOD CO. 
Makers of Pratts Poultry Regulator, 
Animal Regulator, Cow Tonic, Dip and 
Disinfectant, Stock and Poultry Remedies U-87 
Every morning I have about 75 gallons of 
water to start the day with. I have this 
piped to the kitchen sink. I have one 
horse, two cows, one pig. 500 chickens, 
and always have plenty of water, but the 
-inch pipe got rusted, and 1 had to clean 
out twice; %-ineh galvanized pipe would 
be better. This outfit has served us with 
water in the kitchen now five years. A 
small gasoline engine and storage tank 
would be fine. j.j. n. 
Wayside, N. ,T. 
Siphoning Water Out of Old Mine 
I have a farm that has some coal on 
it. but it was worked by some firm about 
30 or 40 years ago. and I would like to 
siphon the water out of the mine. Six 
or seven acres have been taken out. but. 
they say there is lots of coal there yet. 
The coal is down about 25 or 30 feet, 
and about 200 feet from the bole is a 
hollow probably 20 feet down. Do you 
think it possible to put the pipe down in 
the hole and let it extend up 10 or 15 
feet from the ground and let it run 
slanting till it would hit the hill where 
it runs down in the hollow and then put 
more pipes on till it reached the low 
ground? By letting the pipe extend 10 
or 15 feet above hole one would have a 
good fall. There is about 250 or 300 
feet of drawing pipe for a 25 or 30-foot 
lift. What kind of an elbow would be 
best—one that will bend right around or 
one that has a long bend in it? Down in 
the bole I thought to put some kind of a 
valve that would hold the water from 
going down in the bank after the pipe 
was filled with water. O 11 the other end 
Would you advise a valve to stop the 
water from running so one would not 
have to prime it? About how Dig a pipe 
would you advise to carry all tin* water? 
There is about two inches of water run¬ 
ning all the time, but when it gets real 
wet there is more running. Would a 
four-inch pipe drain all tho water in the 
bank and still take the surplus water in 
time? Would a pump be needed to start 
the water running, or would a hole in 
the elbow be all right to put water in to 
prime it. and have a plug to screw in 
after one had tlie pipe tilled with water? 
Hubbard, O. b. s. 
If I understand your proposition cor¬ 
rectly the plan is not feasible. It is im¬ 
possible to siphon water unless the point 
of discharge is actually lower than the 
of several wooden pipes which are satis¬ 
factory. I 11 one case a pipe of glass was 
laid from a spring of pure water. 
Removing Air from Siphon 
In “Farm Mechanics.” page 176$. E. 
L. II.. Maine, has trouble with a siphon 
because of air collecting at the bend of 
the siphon at the well. If E. I.. II. will 
place a tee at the upper end of long pipe, 
said tee having a cut-off valve and a pipe 
leatliug up therefrom and ending in an¬ 
other cut-off valve, he can easily control 
the trouble. When the air accumulates 
in the pipe it will be in the standpipe 
above the elbow. With a wrench close the 
valve below siphon, and leading into well 
downward, and open the valve above the 
siphon and fill with water. Close upper 
valve, open lower valve and the system 
will work until air enough collects to de¬ 
crease the supply. If E. H. L. will go to 
the expense of placing a copper container 
holding a gallon or more in place of the 
short length of pipe above the elbow of 
siphon the chances are the filliug opera¬ 
tion will not occur oftener than once in 
six weeks or two months. 
I have had this trouble with about 45 
rods of pipe, and when there was but one 
opening at the lower end it ran a %-in. 
stream IS weeks, but when a line was laid 
at right angles to bring water into the 
dwelling house, about six rods nearer the 
well, and the faucet in the house stand¬ 
pipe was opened while a nearly full head 
was flowing at the barn trough, air would 
he drawn into standpipe at house and 
later driven up the slope to the upper end 
of siphon until the device noted was 
drained of water. 
Elbow of my siphon at well was about 
214 ft- below the level of earth around 
the well and frost never troubled water in 
the pipe above siphon. When pipe was 
renewed after 11 years I placed a hose 
bit as a faucet in the house, and when 
required attached a hose to it. and with 
a hand force pump drove the.air out of 
pipe which then had only a simple elbow 
at siphon driving the air down some 6 ft. 
into the well, and this method has been 
used over 25 years satisfactorily. 
New York. iiari.an m. fisher. 
A NEGRO was trying to saddle a mule, 
when a bystander asked. "Does that mule 
ever kick you?” "No. sub. but he kicks 
sometimes whar I’se jes’ been.”—Credit 
1 , 081 . 
