CONTENTS 
XI 
CHAPTER XV 
Valparaiso — Portillo Pass — Sagacity of mules — Mountain - torrents — Mines, how 
discovered—Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cordillera — Effect of snow 
on rocks—Geological structure of the two main ranges, their distinct origin and 
upheaval—Great subsidence—Red snow — Winds — Pinnacles of snow—Dry and 
clear atmosphere—Electricity—Pampas—Zoology of the opposite sides of the 
Andes—Locusts—Great Bugs—Mendoza-—Uspallata Pass — Silicified trees 
buried as they grew — Incas Bridge—Badness of the passes exaggerated— 
Cumbre—Casuchas—Valparaiso .... Pages 334'359 
CHAPTER XVI 
Coast-road to Coquimbo—Great loads carried by the miners—Coquimbo—Earthquake 
—Step-formed terraces—Absence of recent deposits—Contemporaneousness of 
the Tertiary formations—Excursion up the valley—Road to Guasco — Deserts — 
Valley of Copiapo—Rain and Earthquakes—Hydrophobia—The Despoblado— 
Indian ruins—Probable change of climate—River-bed arched by an earthquake 
—Cold gales of wind—Noises from a hill—-Iquique—Salt alluvium—Nitrate 
of soda—Lima—Unhealthy country—Ruins of Callao, overthrown by an 
earthquake—-Recent subsidence—Elevated shells on San Lorenzo, their decom¬ 
position—Plain with embedded shells and fragments of pottery — Antiquity of 
the Indian Race .... . . 360-396 
CHAPTER XVII 
Galapagos Archipelago—The whole group volcanic—Number of craters—Leafless 
bushes—Colony at Charles Island—-James Island—Salt-lake in crater—Natural 
history of the group—Ornithology, curious finches—Reptiles—Great tortoises, 
habits of—Marine lizard, feeds on seaweed—Terrestrial lizard, burrowing habits, 
herbivorous—Importance of reptiles in the Archipelago—Fish, shells, insects— 
Botany—American type of organisation—Differences in the species or races on 
different islands—Tameness of the birds—Fear of man an acquired instinct 
397-427 
CHAPTER XVIII 
Pass through the Low Archipelago—Tahiti—Aspect—Vegetation on the mountains 
—View of Eimeo—Excursion into the interior—Profound ravines—Succession 
of waterfalls—Number of wild useful plants—Temperance of the inhabitants — 
Their moral state—Parliament convened—New Zealand—Bay of islands— 
Hippahs—Excursion to Waimate—Missionary establishment—English weeds 
now run wild—Waiomio — Funeral of a New Zealand woman — Sail for 
Australia ....... 428-458 
