Feb. io, 1923 
Life History of Azotobacter 
413 
vkihXn S / at periphei T’ later also ™ the center. The short rods 
lines of th fi eThes°nf b th Came ^ thr ? ads - which cIoseI y followed the out¬ 
voted TrrlO f the slime, until this was completely con- 
F-Se i Ol l Ular spu ‘o c l i aetoid cells, similar to those of figured on 
Plate o’ And h ? 7 fi living from the symplastic stage in figure 107 on 
, , 9 ' m figure 108 queer whiplike and fungoid forms are nre- 
t^es oT ^ tn ^T t “ old p otato cultures of SOsmaSl-cdl 
types of Azotobacter as well as of Radiobacter. They ofteTasiime 
'W bur^S^by^SStio^Jbra 00 “T^ 
rs? ^ 
this possibility, which waf also discoSo Pm f ( iUuStra " 
4*—Conjunction 
Conjunct cells were regularly observed in young Azotobacter cultures 
In oX ™, 7 dI X f SmaI1 - Cdl typeS > usu ^ ” h <* * to 4 days 0 5 d 
r H 5tf 1116 process may repeat itself, after new 4 cells have 
from *** symplastic stage. It is quite evident that this uniting 
of two or more cells at the time preceding the formation of gonidia of 
regenerative bodies, or of endospores is not without physiological simifi 
SSve ***“* is «>« foSS o ?5S: 
St c™mS„. r , ^'?h n , Wher ! t ' VO ? lls united i this represents the 
exact counterpart to the formation of zygospores among fund and 
Srence^l 3 “ d S » ^ « *£S St 
^tssstsir^'^ 
spores, were all observed with Azotobacter. PkfurS of latoal coni 
nections and bridges, as well as the uniting of large and small cells 
wa-e demonstrated by figures i to 3 (PI. A) and ^^3 S D) of 
ur preliminary paper (28). Conjunction by bridges and by beaks are 
S°pS I s fc,n *° 294 ?,! Part 1 (*■»; “0 
n -Plate 8 of the present paper illustrate a mode of cell union which 
again, as the making of bridges and beaks, duplicates in a striking man- 
ner certain copulative processes known from yeasts (25, p. joo) That 
the development of endospores and of gonidangia is preceded by cefi 
conjunction ! S fairly clearly indicated by the pictures Shown in figures 
l - (P !; I j* 61 and 6 9 (PL 6)i 8j (H 7)> and g9 (p] Especially 
spmdle-shaped and tnangular gonidangia are probably always the result 
,° f + - tW0 Sf Cdls - The y «« produ “d KgSSrteby 
the large sporulatmg cell type as well as by the fungoid growth of Azo¬ 
tobacter, and they make a very interesting counterparttoanSogoSs 
formations observed with spirilla. (Compare especially figure i 2 g on 
Plate Vffl ?f g pSrt r w P !f C Ti°S th l S P i, per With a ud 87 on 
Plate VIII of Part I (25).) Undoubtedly these facts would deserve 
