6 
Psyche 
[Vol. 87 
by no means always young and recently inseminated. Callows were 
easily distinguished from older individuals by their coloration, and 
by very short and thin ovarioles. Furthermore the fat body of most 
inseminated individuals looks somewhat different in its color from 
that of callows. Thus, we are sure that most of the inseminated, sterile 
“replacement queens” had mated during the previous year, and 
remained in their mother colonies. This would correspond to the 
“functional monogyny” in Formicoxenus (Buschinger and Winter 
1976, Buschinger 1979). The results of the dissection of individuals 
from further 5 colonies which were kept alive until spring 1980, do 
also fit into this interpretation: 
No. 3: 10 individuals died during hibernation and could be dissected. 
There was one intermorph whose spermatheca was filled with sperm, 
however the ovarioles were short. Two ergatomorphs exhibited the 
same condition. One intermorph and one ergatomorph had empty 
receptacula; two intermorphs and 3 ergatomorphs were found to 
have no spermathecae. 
We suggest that, in this colony, the fertile female had died during 
the laboratory culture, or that the sample represents only part of a 
colony the queen of which was lost during collecting. 
No. 4: During hibernation 17 individuals died and were dissected. 
Among them was one intermorph with the spermatheca filled with 
sperm, with 6 ovarioles of about the specimen’s total length, with 
corpora lutea: the functional queen of this colony. 8 intermorphs 
were inseminated, but had short ovarioles, 2 had empty receptacula. 
However, among the ergatomorphs there were further two with filled 
receptacula, two with empty receptacula, and two without recep¬ 
tacula. One of the latter nevertheless was fertile, this means she had 
ovarioles of about half her body’s length, and corpora lutea. 
No. 5: 24 individuals died during hibernation. One intermorph with 8 
long ovarioles, corpora lutea, and spermatheca filled with sperm, the 
functional queen; 9 additional intermorphs had filled receptacula, 
but were not egg-laying; 8 intermorphs and 3 ergatomorphs had 
empty receptacula; two ergatomorphs with empty receptacula and 
one $ without receptaculum had small corpora lutea indicating a 
previous egg-laying. 
No. 14: Four specimens died during hibernation: Oneergatomorphic 
individual was the functional queen, one ergatomorph had a 
spermatheca filled with sperm, and two workers had no spermathe¬ 
cae. 
