1980] 
Carpenter — Carboniferous Insects 
111 
forming a series of ridges over the wing surface. Details of the body 
structures are known only in one species, Paleuthygramma tenui- 
corne Martynov, 1938, from the Permian of the Soviet Union. The 
numerous specimens of this species enabled Martynov (1938) and 
Sharov (1966) to reconstruct its more general features. The anten¬ 
nae were elongate and setaceous; the legs cursorial, very long and 
slender; and prothorax short and broad; the females possessed short 
cerci and a short ovipositor; the male abdomen terminated in a pair 
of foreceps, apparently modified cerci and similar to those of the 
Dermaptera. Whether or not the body structure of Paleuthygramma 
was typical of all Caloneurodea, we have no means of knowing at 
present, but the evidence, such as it is, suggests that the Caloneuro¬ 
dea were specialized members of the orthopteroid complex, con¬ 
sidered in its broadest sense. 1 The order is known from the Upper 
Carboniferous and Permian of North America, Europe, and Asia. 
Only two species of Caloneurodea have been recorded from the 
Upper Carboniferous of North America. One of these, Caloneurella 
carbonaria Carpenter, 1934, is from the Freeport Stage, Allegheny 
Series, South Good Spring Colliery, near Tremont, Pennsylvania; 
the other, Pseudobiella fasciata Carpenter, 1970, is from the 
Madera Formation, Desmoinesian Series (comparable to Upper 
Westphalian of Europe), near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The 
description of the new species in the Klose collection from Pennsyl¬ 
vania follows. 
Family Amboneuridae, new family 
SC terminating on costa well beyond mid-wing; RS arising 
slightly before mid-wing, with 5 terminal branches; M forked to 
about half its length; CUA coalesced with M basally, strongly 
convex, but terminating on the hind margin with a series of twigs; 
CUP strongly concave, not markedly close to CUA and slightly 
divergent from it distally. Cross veins very strong and preserved as 
prominent ridges over the wing surface, those between SC and R1 
and between R1 and RS mostly transverse; in other areas the cross 
veins have frequent anastomoses, forming a very coarse, irregular 
net-work. 
■Sharov (1966), however, believed that the Caloneurodea were endopterygote 
insects related to the Neuroptera. 
