140 
Psyche 
[Vol. 87 
Table II. Pupal position in artificial cells. The data were analyzed with the x test of 
the null hypothesis that 100% of the larvae will pupate normally and 0% in the reversed 
position. 
position of pupa 
direction of 
cells 
illumination 
normal 
reversed 
Walls + bottom opaque 
front 
19 
2 
N.S. 
Walls opaque, bottom transparent 
bottom 
1 
9 
PC0.001 
Walls + bottom transparent 
side 
7 
8 
PC0.001 
11 " . 1 11 II 11111 1 11 1U' 
A B 
Fig. 7. Females born from a normal (A) and gelatin-capsule nest (B). 
Acknowledgements 
I wish to thank Prof. L.Pardi for reviewing the manuscript and 
Mrs. S.Ferrati Berti for her help in the research. 
Literature Cited 
Chauvin, R. (sous la direction de) 
1968. Traite de biologie de Tabeille. 5 vols. Masson, Paris. 
Pardi, L. 
1951. Ricerche sui Polistini. 12. Studio della attivita e della divisione di lavoro in 
una societa di Polistes gallicus (L.) dopo la comparsa delle operaie. 
Arch.zool.ital. 36: 263-431. 
Turillazzi, S., S. Tonarelli and A. Ugolini 
1979. Adoption of artificial nests in Polistes (Hymenoptera Vespidae). Moni- 
tore zool.ital.(N.S.) 13: 218. 
