264 
Psyche 
[Vol. 87 
there are 2 types of development in Conwentzia in England. During 
the early and mid-summer, pupation takes place normally and 
within about 2 weeks the adults emerge; in late summer, the larvae 
do not pupate immediately, but overwinter as prepupae in the 
cocoon and pupate early in the following spring. Henry (1976) 
reported A. juniperi in Pennsylvania overwintering as 2nd instar 
larvae and to be active during warm periods during the winter. 
Pupa: Quadrate, short with the head bent forward at an angle to 
thorax. 
Notes: Just prior to emergence, a hole is cut in the cocoon 
through which the adult subsequently emerges. The pupal skin is 
either left entirely or partially within the cocoon or the pupa 
emerges and then sheds the pupal skin. 
Adults: Hypognathous, strongly sclerotized head capsule. Ocelli 
absent, compound eyes well developed and large. Antennal sclerite 
and antennal condyle small. Antennal sockets often with unscler- 
otized area of frons between them. Male antennal segments modified 
and broader than in females. Mandibles small; maxillae well 
developed with 5-segmented palpi; labium well developed with 3- 
segmented palpi. 
Prothorax short and lightly sclerotized; meso- and metathorax 
well developed, strongly sclerotized, with mesothorax being larger. 
Meso- and metathorax of some species with distinct lateral shoulder 
spots darker than surrounding areas. 
Legs slender with 5-segmented tarsi, 4th segment flattened. Males 
with clasping setae on anterior femur. 
Most with 2 pairs of well-developed wings. Exceptions are some 
species of Helicoconis and Coniopteryx and most species of Con¬ 
wentzia which have reduced metathoracic wings. Wings held roof¬ 
like over body. 
Venation of fore wing: Costa (C) much reduced and visible only 
at base. Subcosta (Sc) runs parallel with margin and is distally 
furcate; posterior branch resembles a cross-vein (Withycombe 1922). 
Radius (R) in most species basally apparently crossing base of 
medius (M), but no actual crossing occurs. Radial sector (Rs) 
branches off in middle of wing. Media forked except in Conio- 
compsa. Basal cross-vein may be present along with radio-medial 
cross-vein (Aleuropteryginae have 2 radio-medial cross-veins). 
Cubitus (Cu) forks near base into 2 branches. One medio-cubital 
cross-vein present, striking M on stem or posterior branch. Two 
