1980] 
Johnson — Review of Coniopterygidae 
265 
anal veins. Costal area with 2 or fewer cross-veins. Two basal cross¬ 
veins present between Cu 2 and Ai. 
Venation of hind wing: Costa and subcosta similar to fore wing. 
Rs forks off near base in Aleropteryginae, more distally in Coniop- 
teryginae; generally furcate. Radial cross-vein between Ri and Rs, 
strikes either stem of Rs or its anterior branch. M forked except in 
Coniopteryx and some Coniocompsa. A radio-medial cross-vein 
present, striking anterior branch of M except in Coniopteryx, where 
M is unforked. Cu forked near base. Two anal veins present. Two or 
fewer cross-veins in basal part of costal area. 
Membrane of wings mostly clear or unicolorous, but some with 
markings. Marginal fringes usually present and short. Frequently a 
group of hairs along base of posterior margin of hind wing and 
along base of costa of hind wing. 
Abdomen weakly sclerotized except for genitalia. Segments 
1-8 of Aleuropteryginae and segments 1-7 of Coniopteryginae with 
spiracles. Lateral and dorsal wax glands form transverse bands. 
Aleuropteryginae with paired organs called plicaturae on some 
segments; function unknown. 
Notes: Newly emerged adults are pale and do not have the 
characteristic waxy power on the body and wings. Within a short 
time, the wax is secreted in long spirals from the wax glands, 
primarily located on the abdomen, head and thorax. The hind 
femora are used to apply the wax to the wings. 
The adults are normally active and run rapidly over plant 
surfaces. When disturbed, they either feign death or fly. Flight is 
fluttery and usually ends with a landing on the underside of 
vegetation. 
Meinander (1972) treated the genitalia extensively in his revision; 
therefore a comprehensive study is not included here. Discussions of 
genitalia are included under each genus and species heading. With 
few exceptions, Meinander followed the interpretation and termi¬ 
nology of Tjeder (1970). I have followed the terminology of 
Meinander, although occasionally differing from his interpretation. 
Mating in Coniopterygidae is apparently accomplished by either 
of 2 methods: Parasemidalis sp. (Withycombe 1922) and C. pineti- 
cola (Collyer 1951) mate in a staggered parallel position with the 
male bending the tip of the abdomen dorsally to meet the female 
terminalia; A.juniperi mate with the male and female in a tail-to-tail 
position (Henry 1976). 1 have found 4 species of the subfamily 
