178 
Psyche 
[June-September 
usage of the various synonyms by European authors is given. For 
more complete synonymy of the European populations refer to 
Bonnet (1959: 4713-4716). 
Gertsch (1934) reported that Reimoser (1919) considered Lycosa 
pratensis Emerton a synonym of Trochosa robusta Simon, but 
when Gertsch compared L. pratensis Emerton with European spe¬ 
cies of Trochosa he found that “it is more closely related to Tro¬ 
chosa terricola, of which it is scarcely more than a variety.” 
Elackman (1954), Lindroth (1975), and Fox and Dondale (1972) 
regarded pratensis as a subspecies of terricola. Dondale (1971) was 
the first American to use Trochosa terricola Thorell for the species 
that has long been known under the name of T. pratensis (Emerton) 
and Kaston (1972, 1978) followed suit. 
To clarify the matter I requested the holotype of T. terricola from 
the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, for compari¬ 
son with T. pratensis. Mr. T. Kronestedt informed me that Thorell 
had not designated any type, but he did list (Thorell 1856: 171) 
terricola among species found in the Swedish province of Uppland. 
Kronestedt reported: “There is in our museum a collection of dry 
pinned spiders belonging to Thorell. In this collection are preserved 
other species which Thorell described as new in the above publica¬ 
tion, so the original terricola specimens should be there too, and 
there are three males and four females. Two males and three females 
bear the label ‘Ups.’, which means Uppsala in the province of 
Uppland. The three dry males in the collection are all terricola in the 
present sense. They have the terminal loop in the embolus, charac¬ 
teristic of this species and also present in pratensis.". Kronestedt felt 
it would be risky to send pinned specimens through the mails and I 
agreed. Instead he sent three males and one female from the type 
locality in preservative for examination. In addition a male, which 
survived the transatlantic crossing in the mails, arrived alive and 
was observed for one week before preserving. These specimens 
together with 33 other European specimens of terricola that I’ve 
examined agree in most details with pratensis and I cannot distin¬ 
guish them. The males and females in the Swedish Museum of 
Natural History bearing the “Uppsala” label are considered syn- 
types. 
Chamberlin and Gertsch (1929) described Lycosa orophila from 
Idaho and Utah as new. They reported that, “This species is indistin¬ 
guishable from Lycosa pratensis Emerton except in the fact that the 
