1979] 
Brady — Spider Genus Trochosa 
193 
ally discernible in avara, but not in gosiuta (compare Fig. 3 with 
Fig. 4). The median apophysis of the male palpus in avara is far 
more robust than in gosiuta (compare Figs. 39, 40 with Figs. 45,46). 
Females of avara usually have a blunt process at the posterior end of 
the longitudinal piece of the median septum and the lateral ends of 
the transverse arms of the median septum of avara are not directed 
as far anteriad as in gosiuta (compare Figs. 20, 21 with Fig. 27). 
The male palpal organ of avara is closest to that of shenandoa 
(compare Figs. 36, 37 with Figs. 34, 35). The males of these two 
species are best distinguished by the robust ventral macrosetae on 
tibia I in shenandoa, which are much longer than in avara (compare 
Fig. 41 with Fig. 38). 
Natural History. Kaston (1948) reports collecting this species 
from beneath stones and along the edges of wooded areas. In New 
England mature females were taken from mid-March to mid- 
November, males from September to mid-November. The species 
apparently overwinters in the adult and penultimate stages. Females 
with egg sacs were found in June by Kaston. One egg sac measured 
4mm in diameter, another 4.5mm. The first egg case contained 32 
eggs, the second 78 eggs. Eggs from the second case ranged from 
1.12-1.28mm in size. 
Distribution. From southern Quebec and Maine in the northeast 
to eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas in the southwest (Map 2). 
Records. CANADA. Quebec. Lanoraie, 16 June 1915, $ (J. I. 
Beaulne). Ontario. Essex Co.: Windsor, 28 April 1976, $ (C. D. 
Dondale, J. H. Redner). Pelee Island, Lake Erie, 4-16 June 1950, $ 
(W. Ivie, T. B. Kurata). 
UNITED STATES. Maine. Cumberland Co.: Long Island, 11 Sept. 
1904, $ (E. B. Bryant). New Hampshire. Belknap Co.: Gilmanton, 
June 1925, $ (J. H. Emerton). Massachusetts. Middlesex; Norfolk. 
Rhode Island. Providence. Connecticut. Fairfield; New Haven; Tol¬ 
land. New York. Nassau; Orange; Oswego; Richmond; Rockland; 
Suffolk; Tompkins; Westchester. New Jersey. Bergen; Burlington; 
Cape May; Hunterdon; Mercer; Ocean; Passaic. Pennsylvania. 
Bucks; Erie; Washington. Ohio. Athens; Champaign; Cuyahoga; 
Hocking; Trumbull. District of Columbia. Washington. West Virgi¬ 
nia. Monogahela; Pocahontas. Virginia. Fairfax; Falls Church 
(Indep. City); Nansemond; Virginia Beach (Indep. City). Tennessee. 
Hamilton; Lake; Obion; Sevier. North Carolina. Alamance; Dur¬ 
ham; New Hanover; Orange; Polk. South Carolina. Aiken; Cal- 
