222 
Psyche 
[June-September 
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, for conservation of the nam t fatima, 
by recommending that the use of the name falima Fabricius be suppressed until 
1824, when Godart transferred the species to the genus Nymphalis. This would 
not affect the nomenclature of the riodinid, and would have the advantage of 
keeping the name fatima in use for what is certainly the most familiar Central 
American butterfly. The synonymy presented here reflects this recommendation. 
The name fatima was first used in Anartia in 1837, by Geyer, in Hubner 
[ 1824-] 1825[—1837] (see Hemming, 1937, p. 479). 
Anartia amathea and A. fatima (Figure 1) are a pair of very 
closely-related species, restricted to the tropical and subtropical 
mainland of Latin America, including Trinidad and offshore islets. 
The ranges of these species abut in eastern Panama (Darien); 
hybrids between them have been collected in the field at the juncture 
of their distributions on several occasions (e.g., Brown, 1975). Inten¬ 
sive study of the mortality and development of FI hybrids (Figure 4) 
and their offspring reveals strong hybrid breakdown, and behav¬ 
ioral research on courtship and mating preferences reveals a com¬ 
plex picture of assortative mating. These results and their evolution¬ 
ary consequences will be reported elsewhere; we here want to 
emphasize that we interpret amathea and fatima as biologically 
separate species. 
The wing venation, male genitalia and larvae of amathea and 
fatima are, so far as we have been able to tell, identical. The wing 
venation (Figure 2) differs from that of other members of the genus 
by the two small veins that leave the Sc-R complex and branch 
towards the costa in the forewings. The valvae of the male genitalia 
(Figure 3) lack the basal swellings and sharp ventro-medial spines 
characteristic of chrysopelea and lytrea, and are similar to, but more 
lanceolate than, those of jatrophae. 
A. amathea is easily distinguished from all other members of the 
genus by the extent of its vivid red coloration. On the dorsal surface, 
the red coloration extends into two spaces between the four postbas- 
al/ submedian lines of the anterior forewing, fills the median area of 
the posterior forewing, the submedian and median area of the 
hindwing (except for a dark line running through it from anterior to 
posterior), and the hind submarginal area of the hindwing. There 
are usually three to four subapical, five postmedial and four sub¬ 
marginal white spots on the forewing, and from one to four small 
submarginal white spots on the hindwing. The basal and postbasal 
regions of the wings are brown; all other markings are dark brown 
to black. 
