1979] 
Silberglied, Aiello & Lamas — Genus Anartia 
225 
Specimens of A. amathea from the southeastern part of its range 
are characterized by fusion of the five postmedian forewing spots 
into a broad, white band. Examination of large numbers of speci¬ 
mens reveals that this spot fusion exhibits much variation both 
within and between populations, and forms a cline running from 
northwest to southeast (Figure 5). Accordingly, we recognize Esch- 
scholz’ “roeselia” simply as that end of the cline showing the most 
distinctive forewing banding, not as a subspecies. Burmeister’s “sil- 
vae,” and Fruhstorfer’s “thyamis” and “sticheli,” are poorly- 
characterized variants that fall well within the ordinary range of 
variation. 
Several common names have been coined for amathea, including 
the “Coolie” (Barcant, 1971), the “Tomato” (Kaye, 1921), and the 
“Red Anartia” (Riley, 1975). 
The wing pattern of A. fatima is built around elements similar to 
those of A. amathea, but modified and colored in such a manner as 
to produce quite a different appearance. The wings are dominated 
by the distinctive bands, composed in the forewings of seven, and in 
the hindwings of five, enlarged postmedian spots, fused with one 
another. When A. fatima is at rest, the forewing and hindwing 
bands are joined in a continuous line. A. fatima also has three to 
four subapical and one to four submarginal spots on the forewing, 
of the same color as the band. The red coloration is restricted to a 
narrow median band on the hindwing (composed of four spots, 
distal to the position of the dark median line of A. amathea), and 
along the hind margin in some specimens. The remainder of the 
wings is largely dark brown to black, including the spaces between 
the four black postbasal/submedian lines on the anterior forewing. 
The ventral surface is similar in pattern to, but much lighter than, 
that of the dorsum; the bands are occasionally infuscated with 
darker scales beneath, and there is usually a well-developed, black, 
postmedian c-shaped mark in hindwing cell Ml just basal to the 
band. Males and females have similar patterns, but that of the male 
is generally more saturated and of higher contrast than that of the 
female. 
The color, nature and function of the distinctive bands of A. 
fatima have been subjects of much research. In all populations, 
individuals can be found with yellow bands, white bands, or any 
shade from yellow to white. Fruhstorfer (1907) considered the 
white-banded form to be a distinct subspecies, venusta. Emmel 
