226 
Psyche 
[June-September 
Figure 3. Male genitalia of the three species-groups of Anartia. Left: ventral 
view; Right: lateral view with left valve removed. Scale = 1 mm. [Specimen data: A. 
fatima: Panama, Zona del Canal, Barro Colorado Island; A. chrvsopelea : “Cuba”; A. 
jatrophae: Colombia, Cali.] 
(1972, 1973), assuming that the band color differences had a genetic 
basis, reported “phenotype” frequencies, as well as behavioral 
experiments designed to learn more about the maintenance of such 
a polymorphism. Taylor (1973) disputed Emmel’s assumptions, 
demonstrating that the band color was age- and sex-related, and 
correlated with physical and physiological measures of age. Young 
and Stein (1976) showed that the band colors, of marked individuals 
in a population, fade with time; they also reported some equivocal 
data on the colors of individuals at eclosion. 
Our own (R.E.S. and A.A., in prep.) studies, which include rear- 
ings of over a thousand individuals, and the following of over a 
thousand marked individuals in a natural population, will be 
reported in detail elsewhere. But our clear-cut results are relevant to 
a consideration of the nature of Fruhstorfer’s venusta and can be 
summarized as follows; Males always eclose with clear yellow wing- 
bands (N=l 119). The color of the female wing-bands at the time of 
eclosion is variable, and may be anywhere in the continuum from 
