1979] 
Silberglied, Aiello A Lamas — Genus Anartia 
251 
substantial population remaining active on the moister Caribbean 
side of the isthmus. Within two months after the rains began, the 
species had reestablished itself in most of its former habitats. 
All species of Anartia are highly vagile. Based on our study of the 
Barro Colorado Island population, it appears that females of A. 
fatima emigrate more than males do. The ecological adaptations of 
A. fatima as a colonizing species have been summarized by Young 
(1972) and Young and Stein (1976). A. jatrophae, with its gliding 
flight similar to that of many migratory species, appears to be the 
most vagile, for it usually recolonizes former habitats long before A. 
fatima arrives. It also has a wider geographic range, and its popula¬ 
tions, while variable, are not strongly differentiated from one 
another, suggesting considerable gene flow. Vagrants of all species 
fly considerable distances, and occasionally establish local, tempo¬ 
rary populations beyond the normal range. For example, A. fatima 
reaches Kansas (Howe, 1975), A. jatrophae reaches Kansas and 
southern New England (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1961), A. chrysopelea 
has turned up in southern Florida on at least two occasions (Ander¬ 
son, 1974; Bennett and Knudson, 1976) and possibly once on Anti¬ 
gua (Fruhstorfer, 1907), Godman and Salvin’s (1882) record of A. 
lytrea on Jamaica, while unconfirmed (Brown and Heineman, 
1972), is certainly within the realm of possibility, and .4. amathea “. 
. . occurs sporadically ... on Antigua, Grenada and Barbados ... no 
doubt a vagrant . . . sometimes established for short periods (God- 
man and Salvin, 1896; Riley, 1975). 
The distributions of all Anartia species, except A. jatrophae, are 
strictly allopatric of one another. A. jatrophae coexists with all; it is 
a better colonizer, utilizes a wider array of larval foodplants (Table 
1), takes less time to develop (Table 3), and withstands drier condi¬ 
tions. Such correlation of ecological distinctness with coexistence 
illustrates well the concept of limiting similarity of sympatric con¬ 
geners, and their comparative ecology would be worth a more 
detailed study (see also Young and Stein, 1976). 
EVOLUTION 
Relationships to other genera 
Young and Stein (1976) reported the “outstanding discovery” that 
the immature stages of A. fatima are similar to those of Siproeta, 
and suggested a close relationship between the two genera. This 
similarity, which involves the larval foodplants, egg and larval mor- 
