1979] 
Dunkle — Xenos pallidus 
333 
Table 4. Contingency table for correlation between number of male Xenos pallidus 
in male Polistes annularis and the abdominal sclerite where the parasites were located. 
Parentheses indicate percentages of each row. C = .29, X 2 = 10.1, significant at p 
<0.02, DF = 3, N = 108. 
Number of 
males in 
Abdominal Tergite or Sternite 
host 
2 and 3 
4 and 5 
Total 
1 
19(34.5) 
36 (65.5) 
55 
2 
9(50.0) 
9 (50.0) 
18 
3 
10(55.6) 
8 (44.4) 
18 
4, 5, or 8 
13 (76.5) 
4(23.5) 
17 
Total 
51 
57 
108 
Table 5. Contingency table for correlation between number of female Xenos pallidus 
in male Polistes annularis and the abdominal sclerite where the parasites were located 
when one male parasite 
was also present. Parentheses indicate percentages of each 
row. C = .25, X 2 = 8.3, 
significant at p <0.05, DF = 3, N = 
121. 
Number of 
males (m) 
and 
Abdominal Tergite or Sternite 
females(f) 
4 
5 and 6 
Total 
lm2f 
6(12.5) 
42 (87.5) 
48 
lm3f 
5(12.8) 
34 (87.2) 
39 
lm4f 
8(33.3) 
16(66.7) 
24 
lm5f 
4 (40.0) 
6(60.0) 
10 
Total 
23 
98 
121 
and the females segment 5 in all subcategories. These data could 
mean that intersexual competition prevents the change in parasite 
position due to intrasexual competition that we saw above. 
Position of Xenos pallidus in the host when the number of males was 
less than the number of females: 
Table 5 indicates that an increasing number of females in hosts 
with one male caused a significant shift in position of the parasites 
(<0.05). With an increasing number of females, the proportion in 
segment 5 decreases while the proportion in segment 4 increases. This 
is basically what we see in Table 3 where only female pallidus were 
present in a host, and suggests that mostly intrasexual competition is 
occurring. In this category, 2 or 3 females more often filled the 
preferred position at tergite 5 than when only females were present in 
a host, because 1 host had 3 females at tergite 5, 22 had 2, 17 had 1, 
