396 
Psyche 
[December 
not reveal additional courtship and/or mating behavior. Mating 
was observed 3 times in both C. californica and C. barretti and 4 
times in S. angusta. 
Both sexes were observed to exhibit precopulatory behavior. The 
female would call by slightly elevating and rotating her abdomen 
and at the same time, fluttering her wings for 1-2 secs. This behavior 
was observed while the female was either walking or standing still 
and would be repeated at various time intervals for up to ca. 1 hr 
following collection. The male exhibited similar precopulatory 
behavior. He would elevate his abdomen dorso-anteriorly in a mat¬ 
ing position, walk rapidly about and also flutter his wings intermit¬ 
tently for 1-2 secs. 
The mating behavior of C. californica, C. barretti and S. angusta 
was very similar. The male approached the female from the rear 
and, with his head lowered, would push it up under the abdomen of 
the female. Simultaneously, the male reached forward with his fore¬ 
legs and grasped the legs of the female. The male would grasp either 
2, 3 or 4 legs of the female, excluding the forelegs which he could not 
reach. If only a single leg was grasped, the female would extricate 
herself from the male. The male would approach and grasp a female 
while she was either still or walking. It was not necessary that the 
female be quiescent. Males would occasionally approach a female 
from the side. These males would then quickly move to the posterior 
of the female and attempt to grasp her legs. Sometimes, the female 
would avoid the male by flying or walking rapidly away from a male 
after she had been approached. However, if the male was successful 
in grasping 2 or more legs, an attempt at copulation ensued. 
Following the successful grasping of a female, the male then 
brought the tip of his abdomen dorso-anteriorly and made contact 
with the tip of the female abdomen. After aedeagal intromission, the 
mating pair remained in copulo for 10-15 min. The coital stance of 
the male was such that the abdomen was curved dorso-anteriorly 
almost to his metathoracic segment. The antennae of the male were 
extended outward at ca. 90° angle to the body and the wings were 
spread only slightly. After being successfully grasped, the female 
spread her wings to a ca. 45° angle to the body, the abdomen was 
elevated slightly and the antennae were in a porrect position. 
During copulation, the female often walked around pulling the 
male with her. The genitalic grasp is sufficiently strong to maintain 
