V.] 
CUP-SHAKE. 
33 
presence to the surveyor while the tree is standing. It 
can only, therefore, be dealt with when discovered in the 
log, after being felled. This defect is, to some extent, 
local, and is especially so among the Oaks, it being more 
frequently met with in the Sicilian Oak than in, perhaps, 
any other. It occurs in Virginian Pitch Pine, and it is 
often found in Lignum Vitae. It is worthy of notice 
that whatever may be the cause of the cup-shake in the 
last-named wood, which is grown extensively in St. 
Domingo, latitude i 8 ° to 20° N., and where the tempera¬ 
ture of the winter is rarely below 6 o°, it cannot have 
suffered from frost. 
D 
