CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER I. 
PAGE 
Trees, Exogenous species—Forms of stems—Direction of branches— 
Heart-wood—Sap-wood — Bark—- Pith—Medullary rays—Ascent 
and descent of sap—Cambium—Lignine—Annual layers, &c. . 3 
CHAPTER II. 
Annual layers at top and butt of trees—Boabab—Cedars of Lebanon— 
Sizes and ages of trees—Rate of growth—Position of maximum 
strength—Signs when past maturity—Foxiness—Stag-headed— 
Natural seasoning—-Proper time for felling, &c. . . . . 13 
CHAPTER III. 
Trees, hedge-grown—Copse-grown—Effects of variety of soil—In¬ 
fluence on water supply—Form when young—Pith, snake¬ 
like, &c. ........... 22. 
CHAPTER IV. 
Defects—Heart-shake—Woods affected—In Teak attributed to ring¬ 
ing or girdling—Common to Exogenous species—Various forms 
of, &c. ........... 26 
CHAPTER V. 
Defects—Star-shake—External evidence of—Trees most frequent in— 
Cup-shake—Varieties of—Occur in sound trees—to some extent 
local, &c.30 
CHAPTER VI. 
Annual layers of irregular growth—Departure from natural colour— 
Spots—Swellings—Removal of branches — Broken branches— 
Mode of pruning—Druxy knot—Rindgall—How to select timber, 
spars, planks, deals, &c. ........ 34 
