212 
TIMBER AND TIMBER TREES. [chap. 
Table CXIII. 
Vertical or Crushing Strain on cubes of 2 inches. 
No. 7. 
No. 8. 
No. 9. 
No. 10. 
Total. 
Average. 
Ditto on 
1 square 
inch. 
Tons. 
Tons. 
Tons. 
Tons. 
Tons. 
Tons. 
7 "25 
775 
1275 
11-50 
39'25 
9-812 
2-453 
E = 343980. S = 1675. 
THE AMERICAN ASH TREE, OR THE WHITE ASH 
(Fraxinus Americana ), 
is found chiefly on the banks of the rivers of North 
America-. It is of straight growth, and frequently attains 
a height of 70 feet, with a circumference of from 3 to 5 
feet. It is imported into this country, only sparingly, in 
logs varying from 10 to 18 inches square, and 18 to 35 
feet in length ; but comes to us in considerable quantities 
in a partially manufactured state in the form of machine- 
made boat-oars, handspikes, &c. 
The wood is light brown or whitish in colour, of very 
moderate hardness and weight, is tough, elastic, clean 
and straight in the grain, and quite easy to work ; it 
stands well after seasoning, and hence we get from this 
tree the best material for oars for boats that can be pro¬ 
duced. They are much and eagerly sought after by 
foreign Governments as well as our own, and also by the 
great private steamship companies and the mercantile 
marine of this country, consequently there is often a very 
keen competition for the possession of them. 
The best quality wood has a clean, bright, uniform 
whitish colour, the second is slightly stained with red 
and yellow shades alternating, while the third, and most 
objectionable, quality is that in which the red and yellow 
colours predominate over the healthy shade. Any devia- 
