220 
IIMBER AND TIMBER TREES. [chap. 
As Elm timber is best and most durable when worked 
up soon after the tree is felled, it is not necessary to keep 
in store more than is required from year to year. If, 
however, it should be thought desirable to accumulate 
stock with the view to provide against emergencies, it 
will be most effectually preserved for future use by 
keeping it constantly under water, or burying it in mud. 
Table CXIV., showing the transverse strength of this 
wood, is not so full or satisfactory as could be desired, 
owing to the difficulty experienced in finding pieces 
sufficiently straight in the grain for experimental pur¬ 
poses. The Tables CXV. and CXVI., showing the tensile 
and vertical strength, are, however, more reliable. 
Table CXIV.— Elm (English). 
Transverse Experiments. 
Number 
of the 
specimen. 
Deflections. 
Total 
weight 
required 
to break 
each 
piece. 
Specific 
gravity. 
Weight 
reduced 
to 
specific 
gravity 
700. 
Weight 
required 
to break 
1 square 
inch. 
With the 
apparatus 
weighing 
390 lbs. 
After the 
weight 
was 
removed. 
At . . 
the crisis 
of 
breaking. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
I 
370 
578 
2 
5-25 
1-25 
7 - 5 ° 
510 
571 
625 
I 27-5 
3 
6-25 
558 
4 
4 - oo 
553 
5 
475 
1-30 
5 ‘ 5 o 
35 ° 
545 
450 
87-5 
6 
470 
i ’35 
5-00 
320 
542 
413 
80-o 
Total . 
1470 
3-90 
LTV 
1,180 
3347 
1488 
295 -OO 
Average 
4-90 
1-30 
5-29! 
393 
558 
496 
98-33 
