254 
TIMBER AND TIMBER TREES. [chap. 
Table CXXXIV. 
Specification. 
No. 
Description. 
Length. 
Diameter. 
From the 
butt. 
Diameter. 
B'rom the 
top. 
Feet. 
Inches. 
Ft. ins. 
Inches. 
Ft. in. 
5 
Cants 
34 to 36 
7 to 6 } 4 . 
at 3 4 
4 
at 3 8 
4 
Barlings ... 
3 i 33 
6 „ sA 
2 8 
3 ff 
3 4 
3 
Booms 
28 ,, 30 
5 „ aA 
2 O 
2 J 4 
3 0 
2 
Middlings... 
23 ,, 26 
4 », 2>A 
I 4 
2 8 
I 
Smalls 
19 ,, 22 
3 » 2 
0 8 
1 
2 4 
These spars are usually bought for the navy at a price 
each, but for the private trade they are not unfrequently 
sold at per foot run. 
Nothing is done to these trees after they are felled, 
beyond removing the small branches, cutting off the top, 
and making the ends even, to prepare them for the 
market. They are, therefore, brought to us with the bark 
on, and are measured over all. It is well, however, to 
take the bark off if they are not required for immediate 
use, otherwise they will suffer injury from the attack of 
a small worm which after a few months appears between 
the bark and the alburnum. 
The Spruce Fir has a further intrinsic value in yielding 
a resinous fluid which constitutes the foundation for the 
manufacture of pitch. The Spruce Firs are all of very 
slow growth, and not so durable as Pine. 
There are at least three kinds of Spruce in North 
America, namely, the Hemlock (Abies Canadensis), which 
has small, pointed, pendulous terminal cones, and thin, 
flat leaves ; the Black or Double Spruce (A dies nigra), 
with dependant, egg-shaped cones, the scales being waved 
and jagged at the edges ; and the White or Single Spruce 
