35 ° 
TIMBER AND TIMBER TREES. 
Pine, Pitch, North America . 286 
,, ,, description . . 287 
,, ,, for mast pieces . 286 
,, ,, experiments, tables 287 
,, Oregon or Douglas . 292 
,, ,, description . . 292 
,, ,, rate of growth . 292 
,, ,, specimen at Kew . 293 
Pingow, description . .136 
,, experiments, tables . 136 
Pingue, description . .15° 
Pinkwood, ,, . . 206 
Piquea-marfim, description . 184 
Pith, first formed ... 4 
,, cellular tissues . . 4 
,, position in carpentry . 4 
,, sometimes snake-like . 24 
Planks, how to select . . 39 
,, method of preserving . 320 
Plum tree, description . . 206 
Pohutukawa, ,, . .310 
Pruning, proper mode of . 37 
Pugatea, description . . 313 
Pukapuka, ,, . . 313 
Puriri, ,, . • 3 11 
Pyengadu (see Ironwood). . 129 
Pyroligneous acid in Oak . 48 
R. 
Raiz-de-Pingue, description . 150 
Ramarama, ,, • 3 I 3 
Rata, ,, . 310 
Red Pine (see Pine). . .270 
Rewarewa, description . .313 
Riga Oak (see Oak). • ' • 95 
,, Fir (see Fir) . . . 245 
Rimu, description . . . 306 
,, specimens at Kew . . 307 
Rindgall, description . . 38 
Rose male, ,, . .161 
,, femelle, ,, . .161 
Rosewood, ,, . .168 
,, defects . .168 
,, sold by weight . 169 
“Royal William,” H. M. S., 
winter-fellecl timber . . 68 
Russian Larch {see Larch) . 261 
8 . 
Sabicu, description. . .164 
,, qualities, defects. . 165 
,, peculiar cross fracture . 165 
Sabicu, experiments, tables . 166 
Salween Teak {see Teak) . x 16 
Santa Maria, description. . 180 
Sap, capillary attraction. . 7 
,, ascent and descent of . 7 
,, chemical change . . 7 
Sap-wood or alburnum . . 4 
,, conversion into heart- 
wood ... 9 
,, exceptions to regular 
conversion . .10 
,, proportion in young 
trees . . .11 
,, colour of . . .12 
Sassafras, description . . 206 
Satine, ,, . .161 
Seasoning, natural process . 21 
,, time required. . 316 
,, by submergence , 317 
,, Duhamel’s plan . 321 
,, Fincham’s ,, .321 
,, by steaming . .321 
,, in heated chambers 321 
Securipa, description . .182 
She Oak, ,, . 206 
Siam, Teak forests . . . 1x3 
Silver grain, or medullary rays. 6 
Simarouba, description . . 161 
“ Sovereign of the Seas,” 
H. M. S., winter-felled timber 68 
Spanish Oak {see Oak) . . 98 
,, Mahogany (see Mahogany) 170 
Spars, how to select . . 38 
“Spartan,” H. M. S., timbers 
carbonised .... 326 
Spots, indications of decay . 34 
Spruce Fir ( see Fir). . . 252 
St. Martin, description . . 161 
Stag-headed appearance of 
branches . . . .20 
Star-shake, description . . 30 
,, trees most frequent in 31 
Stems, forms of . .3 
Stinkwood, description . . 206 
Stringy bark, ,, . . 204 
,, Capt. Cook’s tree. 205 
,, white, description. 206 
Swamp Tea-tree, ,, . 206 
Swedish Fir (see Fir). . .251 
Swellings, indicating defects . 35 
,, exception to defects. 35 
,, by removal of branches 35 
