xvni. THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM 
A. EXTERNAL FORM AND RELATIONSHIPS. 
From demonstration preparations, review the general iden¬ 
tification of the urogenital organs, in situ , in both male and female 
of several species of mammals (cf. pp. 13-15). Draw such details 
of the relationships in each sex as have not previously been recorded. 
1. Urinary (Uropoietic) Organs.- —Kidneys, their location 
(note which is more anterior, cf. man), relation to peritoneum, 
form, blood supply; suprarenal glands, their relation to the kid¬ 
neys; ureters, relation to the kidneys and bladder; bladder, its 
location with reference to other pelvic organs, and to peritoneum 
(folds of which form the ventral suspensory ligament and two 
lateral ligaments), the location of orifices of ureters and urethra, 
the appearance of the walls of the bladder, both in the distended, 
and contracted conditions, the presence of muscular and mucous 
coats (the latter seen by opening the organ); urethra, its short 
course in the female to the external orifice in the urogenital sinus, 
its prolongation and specialization in the male into the organ 
of copulation (the penis), represented in the female by the clitoris. 
2. Female Genital Organs. —Ovaries, their location, relation 
to peritoneum (note that each is enclosed, together with the 
uterine tube and uterus, in a fold of peritoneum known as the 
mesovarium or broad ligament), form, size; uterine tubes (oviducts), 
relation of the funnel-shaped mouth of uterine tube to ovary 
(demonstrate by probing with a wax-tipped bristle), and the coiled 
course of the tube to reach the uterus; uterus, its location with 
reference to other pelvic organs and to peritoneum, its division into 
two lateral cornua and a median body (in the rabbit, two separate 
uteri) leading posteriorly into the vagina, and its thick wall consist¬ 
ing of muscular and mucous coats; vagina, with thinner walls,* 
leading posteriorly to the external orifice dorsal to the urethral 
orifice within the urogenital sinus. Note the mid ventral elevation 
of the wall of the urogenital sinus, known as the clitoris. 
