22 
Tht RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
Milk and Live Stock 
Pennsylvania Dairy Notes 
A Late Fall. —Here in Southeastern 
Pennsylvania we had such a fine grow¬ 
ing Fall that we turned the cows to pas¬ 
ture up to the first of December, and in 
iny particular case even well into Decem¬ 
ber, not so much for the feeds of grass 
that still grew green, but for the outing 
exercise. This longer grazing season 
conserved the feed' supplies perhaps 
Nature’s tempering the blast to the 
shorn farmer. We, however, did not 
altogether depend on the grazing the cows 
were able to do, but turn them to the 
pasture more because we think they en¬ 
joy the daily outing, and believe it is bet¬ 
ter for their health and the wholesome- 
nesss of their product. We draw the line 
very sharply between exercise and ex¬ 
posure, for we are convinced that the dis¬ 
comfort of a cold rain or a strong, chilly 
wind detracts more from the cow’s vitality 
than the daily exercise and freedom of 
the onen field add to it, hence as soon as 
weather conditions become uncomfortable 
the cows are returned to the barn. 
Liberal Feeding. —No. we do not 
think the pretty, green Fall and Winter 
grass will sufficiently feed our cows, for 
while we make it easy for them to take 
full advantage of the green bits they find, 
we realize that so late in the season most 
of the feeding value of the grass has left 
it, and it more nearly fills the cow tlum 
feeds her. Hence, we feed the cows twice 
a day liberally, so they are abundantly 
fortified against any delusion they and 
we may entertain that the green grass of 
Fall is* as nutritious and sufficient as the 
green, growing grasses of June. 
Declining Dairy Products— Just at 
this time the keeping and feeding of cows 
is not the most encouraging business, 
with dairy products steadily declining, m 
prices, labor scarce and not becoming 
any cheaper, commercial feeds not ma¬ 
terially lowered in prices, and all the 
home-grown feeds that are available pro¬ 
duced at the very peak of prices for labor, 
seeds, fertilizers and machinery, but the 
fact remains that successsful farming and 
dairying especia.ll.v is not. an in-and-ofl 
business, to be dropped in times of depres¬ 
sion and taken up. again when the outlook 
is more encouraging. The dairy farmer 
should early in his career make up his 
mind that lie is in the game to stay and 
to win, to take the bad with the good, 
and all the time be alert to eliminate as 
much of the bad as possible, and use every 
legitimate means to improve and stabilize 
the good. lie should, of course, take every 
advantage that co-operation with other 
dairymen offers, work for just laws, and 
business treatment, and never be satisfied 
with less: but while doing all these things 
he should remember that his individual 
success must rest almost entirely in him- 
sel f. 
Individual Responsibility. — No co¬ 
operative board of directors, no “expert 
agent,” no professor, no job-holding 
“farmer” from an office can do for him 
the essential things that, are his own in¬ 
dividual, independent initiative obliga¬ 
tions. On himself falls the responsibility 
of knowing the breeding, the capacity, 
the limitations, the personalities, of his 
own cows. lie must know iu his daily 
intercourse with them . which are his 
workers and which his wasters. lie 
knows, or should know, his own farm 
conditions, and must make his own plans 
from that knowledge. This Winter he 
should look forward and outline his farm 
and dairy activities for next Spring and 
Summer; indeed, plan so thoroughly this 
Winter that lie will arrange his next 
Winter’s feeding. 
Planning Ahead. — These plans will 
naturally contemplate producing as far as 
will be profitably possible such a variety 
of valuable feeds that.his expenditure for 
feeds of commerce will be reduced to a 
minimum, for the basic profit in all ani¬ 
mal husbandry operations must be in con¬ 
verting the crude crops of the farm into 
the finished product for the market. This 
is especially true in relation to dairying, 
for through the good cow he can Tecover 
a larger money return from the unmar¬ 
ketable crops of the farm than from any 
other animal. But after having done all 
that is humanly possible toward increas¬ 
ing his income and net profits by eco¬ 
nomically reducing costs of production, he 
will have failed in his duty to himself and 
his business if he loses sight of the fact 
that in his pocket should jingle the big 
end of the consumer’s dollar. 
Pennsylvania. w. F. m’sparran. 
Let each member "who needs fence find 
out in his section how much fence is 
needed, and agree on a standard make, or 
get an order large enough so that some 
company will make it for us. If each 
county gets it« order into the State in 
time, then we shall get the fence in time 
for use in the Spring. The same is true 
of seed and fertilizer, which can certainly 
be handled with a saving, for I think all 
people agree that we have reached the 
time when all unnecessary work and cost 
must be eliminated, and the producers 
and consumer must understand and work 
in accord. We all realize there is too 
large a leak between. j. c. guthrie. 
Tompkins Co., N. Y. 
The weather has been favorable for 
farm work. Wheat and Crimson clover 
are looking well, except some wheat that 
was sown very early, which has been in¬ 
jured by the Ilessiau fly. There was less 
wheat sown than usual, owing to the 
slump in prices and high-priced fertilizer. 
The corn crop was good and the wheat 
fair. The tomato crop was extra large, 
but the market was so low that it hardly 
justified the growers in picking and haul¬ 
ing them to the canneries when the pack¬ 
ers would buy them at all. consequently 
thousands of baskets of tomatoes rotted 
in the patches, and thousands of dollars 
were lost to the growers. The price of 
milk has fallen, and some stations have 
closed. But. little butter is made nowa¬ 
days on the farm, the milk being sold at 
the milk stations. The sweet potato crop 
was fine, and the white potato crop fair. 
Prices for both are much lower than ia 
year ago. Some corn still remains to be 
husked. Corn huskers want $4 per day 
and farmers say that with corn on'y 
bringing 70c per bu. they cannot afford to 
pay such wages. Public sales are numer¬ 
ous, with stock and farming implements 
bringing much lower prices than for a 
number of years. Quite a few leaving the 
farms, some owing to high-priced labor, 
higher taxes under the new school law, 
and other causes. c. H. 
Kent Co., Del. 
Pork is 18c, dressed; beef, 18c; wheat, 
$1.80; corn, 75c; oats, 50 to 60c. Ap¬ 
ples very poor sale, from 60 to 00c per 
bu. Potatoes around $1 per bu.potatoes 
rotted badly. Corn was a good crop. In 
Mifflin County general farming is prac¬ 
ticed. Some dairying is being com¬ 
menced. We have two purebred cattle 
associations. Two creameries have been 
built, which is stimulating dairying. We 
have a Farm Bureau, which seems to be 
successful in bringing across some very 
good projects. I do not think the busi¬ 
ness outlook for the farmer is quite so 
good, as next year’s prices for fertilizers 
and machinery have not been reduced. 
Labor is high and scarce. Prices on our 
products have dropped, and the market is 
dull at present. The high freight rates 
are against the farmer. Some co-opera¬ 
tive work is done here, such as buying 
fertilizer and some machinery. G. P. o. 
Mifflin Co., Pa. 
We had a beautiful Autumn, and plen¬ 
tiful harvest. Potatoes rotted badly in 
some sections, while others on adjoining 
farms or lots were fine. Corn was un¬ 
usually fine; many farmers had to put up 
extra silos. Our turkeys have not done 
very well this year. My April pullets 
commenced to lay in October; the last 
eggs brought 85c. The milk problem is 
January 1, 1921 
a question now; since last January our 
milk has been to five different manufac¬ 
turers, and at present we are making but¬ 
ter, selling for 65c per lb. It is a lot 
more work in the house to have the milk 
made up at home, but all the farmers are 
League members and stand pat. We look 
for a change soon. Cows are selling from 
$50 to $80, according to location and 
breeds; no demand for dressed pork. The 
farmers in this county are still holding 
the 1020 clip of wool. At the time^ of 
shearing they could not get an offer. Wool 
does not lose, only by shrinkage. With 
us it is only a side line, so we will just 
wait until we are offered a fair price. 
When one thinks (notice I say thinks) 
of getting a needed suit or dress and asks 
the price, one nearly faints. We are told 
by experts that it is only possible to put 
$6 worth of fleece into an $80 suit; then 
we wonder! In our 15 years of mixed 
farming the lowest price for wool was 
24c, delivered • the highest 69c per lb. 
Otsego Co., N. T. MRS. J. A. R. 
Farmers have their crops all secure 
for the Winter, except their corn; quite 
a few have whole fields of corn out yet. 
Roads are bad on account of lots of rain. 
We are receiving in our local market for 
butter 75c; eggs, 75c; ch: kens, 28c per 
lb., and turkeys 40c per lb. Potatoes, 
$1.50 per bu.; hogs, 18c per lb., dressed; 
Wheat, $2; oats, 70c; corn, 60c; buck¬ 
wheat, $2.70 per cwt. The crops this 
year were almost normal, except wheat, 
which was poor on account of the fly. 
Farm help is scarce. Wheat in ground 
looks promising, if the frost and fly keep 
off. The mining towns are thick in In¬ 
diana County, and the market is good. 
Cabbage fields in some places were never 
touched because wholesale prices are only 
$8 per ton. Nineteen hundred and twenty 
ha« been a prosperous year so far. 
Indiana Co.. Pa. J. c. A. 
T f:n^GAPEED 
STORE 
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From feed store to bank 
\Vhat really counts in feeding is how much of the milk check gets into the bank to help increase the 
balance. That is largely determined by how much of the daily ration is digested and utilized by the 
cow. Some of the milk check must pay for feed, but how much goes to the feed bill and how much to 
the bank depends on the kind of feed and how well it forms abalanced ration with the roughage used. 
Roughage grown on the farm is one of the best sources of profit in dairying, for its digestible 
nutrients are worth pound for pound as much as those contained in the grain feed that is pur¬ 
chased. But to make the food elements in the roughage available, it is necessary to use concen¬ 
trates which will combine with them to form a balanced ration, and as roughage varies in nutritive 
content, it is necessary to provide different concentrates to be fed with different kinds of roughage. 
TI-O-GA SERVICE 
has classified different kinds of roughage into three groups according to their nutritive value, 
and compounds a dairy feed to combine with each group and form a balanced ration. 
Red Brand 
TI“0"GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with low protein suc¬ 
culent roughage; Silage, Pas¬ 
turage, Green Fodder, etc 
White Brand 
TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with medium protein 
dry roughage: Timothy Hay, 
Mixed Hay, Corn Fodder, etc. 
In each case the cow gets the same amount of nutrition in the 
more money from your roughage. If your dealer does not have 
Tompkins Co., N. Y., Pools Wool 
At a meeting of the Tompkins County 
sheep growers, held at Ithaca, November 
13, it was agreed to send the wool to 
Syracuse to be graded and sold as soon 
as the sacks could be obtained, each mem¬ 
ber to sack his own wool and send from 
Ithaca. There is a genuine determina¬ 
tion on the part of farmers to co-operate 
both in selling and also buying; in fact, 
if we fitay in business we have got to, 
and now why not stick by the farmers’ 
organization at Syracuse? This Winter 
is the time to work out plans for Spring. 
Why not order a special sheep fence? 
-WHITE 
& BRAND 
Use the TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
which forms a balanced ration 
with your own roughage. 
The same careful service fa 
furnished through: 
TI-O-GA Brood Sow and Pi* 
Feed. 
TI-O-GA Growing Shoat Feed. 
TI-O-GA Fattening Hog Feed. 
TI-O-GA Chick Feed. 
TI-O-GA Growing Mash. 
TI-O-GA Growing Grain*. 
TI-O-GA Laying Food. 
TI-O-GA Poultry Grains. 
TI-O-GA Calf Food. 
TI-O-GA Horse Feed. 
Colonel’s Ration (Full Feed for 
. Horses). 
Blue Brand 
TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to be fed with high protein 
dry roughage; Clover Hay, 
Alfalfa, etc. 
same nutritive ratio, and you get 
the kind of TI-O-GA Dairy Feed 
to balance your roughage, 
advise us and we will ar¬ 
range for some nearby dealer 
to supply you. 
Send for book on TI- O- GA 
Feed Service which tells 
how roughage may be util¬ 
ized to best advantage and 
profits increased. 
Tioga Mill & Elevator Co. 
Waverly, N. Y. 
