Th* RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
95 
Market News 
a n 
d P 
rices 
Local Up-State Prices 
JOHNSON CITY-ENDICOTT PUBLIC MARKETS 
Beef, lb., 10-2Sc; hamburg, lb. 20c; 
lamb chops, lb., 32c; mutton, lb., 12 to 
25c; sausage, lb., 25c; roasting pigs, lb., 
25c; salt pork, lb., 23c; veal chops, lb.. 
32c; veal cutlets, lb., 35c; rabbits, 
dressed, lb.. 35c. 
Live poultry ; heavy fowls, lb., 30-32c; 
heavy chickens, lb.. 2S to 30c; old roos¬ 
ters. lb., 22c; turkeys, 45 to 50c; geese, 
lb., 36c; ducks, lb., 36c. 
Dressed poultry; heavy fowls, lb., 
40c; light fowls, lb., 35c; roasting chick¬ 
ens, lb., 40c; broilers, 50c; turkeys, lb., 
G0e; geese, lb.. 42c; ducks, lb., 42c. 
Milk, qt., 10c; buttermilk, qt., Gc; skim- 
milk, qt., 5e; butter, creamery, fancy 
prints, 50e; best dairy prints, 55c; dairy 
iu jars, 55c; cheese, whole milk, cream, 
35c; skimmilk. 17c; cottage cheese, lb., 
10c; pimento, 15c. 
Eggs; extra white, SOc; large browns, 
80c; mixed colors, medium, 75c; storage, 
60c; duck eggs, 95c. 
Fruits; apples, large, Baldwins, bu., 
$1.20; Fall Pippins, bil., 95c; Greenings, 
$1.25; King, $1.50; Wolf River, $1.50; 
Spy, $1.50; Ben Davis, 90c; other, varie¬ 
ties, 50c to $1.25; pears, Iveifer, $1.75; 
small varieties, $1.60; dried apples, 
I2 1 / 4c; citrons, each, 10 to 15c; cranber¬ 
ries, qt., 19c. 
Beans, dry, lb., 7c: beets, bu.. $1.15: 
cabbage, white, lb., lc; red, 2c; carrots, 
bu., $1.15; cauliflower, best, 10c; ordi¬ 
nary, lb.. 9c; celery, best, bunch, 10c; 
three for 25c; egg plant, best, each. 15c; 
medium. 10c; horseradish roots, lb., 20c; 
lettuce, large heads, each, 10c - ; onions, 
green, bunch, 5c; dry, bu., $1; parsnips, 
bu.. $1.40; potatoes, large white, bu., 
$1.30; medium mixed, $1.25; small, bu., 
90c; pumpkins, each, 10 to 25c; rhubarb, 
lb.. 5c; radishes, large white, bunch. 6c; 
round red, bunch, 5c; spinach, peck, 30c; 
sauerkraut, qt., 15c; squash, Hubbard, 
best, lb., 3c; turnips, rutabagas, bu., 
85c; red top, 75c. 
Iioney. clover extracted, lb., 25c; cards, 
30c; cliestnuts, bu., $9; black walnuts, 
bu., $2.50; butternuts, bu., $2; hickory 
nuts. bu.. $5.50; popcorn, shelled, lb., 
10c; on cob, Sc; buckwheat flour, lb., 
5Mjc. 
SYRACUSE PUBLIC MARKET 
Beef, prime, sides, lb., 10c; medium, 
lb.. 9c; lamb, lb., 20 to 25c; live pigs, 
each, $6; small dressed pigs, lb., 20c; 
pork, light, lb.. 16c; heavy, lb„ 14c; 
veal, prime, lb., 20c; common, lb., 17c; 
sausage, lb., 20 to 30c. 
Ducks, live, lb., 33c; dressed, lb.. 05c; 
live chickens, lb., 30c; dressed, lb., 45 
to 55c; fowls, live, lb., 30c; dressed, 45c 
turkeve, live, lb., 65c; dressed, lb., 75c 
to 90c; geese, live, lb., 35 to 40c; dressed, 
lb.. 55 to 60c; guinea hens, live, per pair. 
$1.25; rabbits, dressed, lb., 40 to 45c. 
Butter, lb., 65c; eggs, SOc to $1; duck 
eggs. $1 ; honey, lb., 40c-; per cap, 35c; 
extracted, qt., 80c; Italian cheese, lb., 
‘ Apples, bu., 75c to $1.25; pears, bu 
$2.50 to $3; cider, gal., 30c; hickory 
nuts, bu., $3. 
Beans, dry* bu., $4 to $7; per qt., 1- 
to 25c; beets, bu., 75c; cabbage, doz. 
heads, 45c; per 100, $3; red, per doz., 
$1 ; curly, per doz., 95c; carrots, bu„ 
60< - ; celery hearts, per doz., 7oc to $1.2o ; 
stalks, per doz., 65 to 75c; endive, per 
doz., 50c; garlic, lb., 25c; horseradish 
roots, bunch. 10c; lettuce, leaf, crate, 
$1.50 to $2.75; Boston, per doz., 50 to 
75c; onions, bu., 75 to 90c; parsley, doz. 
bunches, ;>0e; parsnips, bu., $1 . pop¬ 
corn, bu., 75c; pumpkins, eaen, 10 to 
15c; potatoes, bu., $1 to $1,25; romain, 
bunch, 5c; rutabagas, bu., 75c; sage, 
lb., 10c; sauerkraut, lb.. 5c; turnips,-bu , 
50c; Ilubbarb squash, bu., 75c; per lb., 
2c; vegetable oysters, doz. bunches, 60c. 
Alfalfa, extra, ton, $28; hay. No. 1. 
$28; No. 2, $23 to $25; No. 3, $20; 
timothy, ton, $28; straw, rye, ton, $13; 
wheat. $15. 
ROCHESTER PUBLIC MARKET 
Dressed beef, carcass, lb.. 16 to 24e; 
forequarters, lb., 12 to 38c; hindquarters, 
lb.. 18 to 25c; dressed hogs, light, lb., 
14 to 15c; heavy, lb., 13 to 14c; Spring 
lambs, lb.. 22 to 25c; yearling lambs, 
lb., 18 to 20c; mutton, lb., 16 to 18c; 
veal. lb.. 20 to 25c. 
Fowls, live, lb., 32 to 34c; roosters, 
live. lb.. 32 to 34c; live broilers, 1 to 
2 lbs., 32c; live ducks, lb., 28 to 30c; 
live geese, lb., 28 to 30c; live turkeys, 
lb., 55 to 60c; eggs. 75 to 85c. 
Apples, per 100 lbs., Kings, $1 to 
$1.25; Greenings, 80 to 90c; Baldwins, 
90c to $1; Hp.vs, $1 to $1.25; apples, 
best, per bu., 75c to $1.25; pears, bu., 
$1 to $1.50. 
Beets, per bu., 60 to 75c; cauliflower, 
per doz. heads, $2.50 to $3; cabbasre, ton, 
$7 to $8: per 300 heads, $2.50 to $3; per 
doz. heads. 40 to 50c; carrots, bu., 65 to 
75c; celery, doz. bunches, 50 to 60c; 
lettuce, bead, doz., 75c to $1; common, 
per doz. heads, 30 to 40c; mint, green, 
doz. bunches, 30 to 35c; onions, dry, bu.. 
60 to 70c: potatoes, bu.. 90c to $1; - 
parsnips, bu., 75c to $1; pumpkins, doz. 
50c to $1 : spinach, bu.. $1.25 to $3.50; 
Hubbard squash, lb.. 4 to 5c; turnips, 
bu., 55 to 75c; vegetable oysters, doz. 
bunches, 45 to 50c; water cress, doz. 
bunches, 35 to 40c. 
Beaus, per 300 lbs., hand picked, me¬ 
dium. 3.50; red marrow, $5.50; white 
marrow. $6; red kidney, $6.50; white 
kidney, $30; pea, $3.50; yellow eye, $7 ; 
imperials, $8. 
Hides, steers. No. 1, lb., 7c; No. 2, 6c; 
cows and heifers. i\o. 3, 6c; No. 2, 5c; 
bulls and stags, 5c; horsehides, each, $3 
to $3.50; lambskins, each. 50 to 75c; calf, 
No. 1, 9c; No. 2, 7c; wool, fleece, lb., 
20 to 25c. 
qt., 10 to IS; tomatoes, hothouse, lb. 
20 to 50 c. 
HAY AND STRAW 
70 
Buffalo Wholesale Markets 
Beyond a slight advance iu butter and 
falling off in eggs, the produce market 
has been pretty steady for the week. The 
weather is mild, which keeps green stuff 
plenty. Strawberries are appearing early. 
BUTTER—CIIEESE—EGG S 
Butter, firm; creamery, 44 to 60c; 
dairy, 40 to 52c; crocks, 32 to 50c; com¬ 
mon, 26 to 30c. Cheese, quiet; daisies 
and longhorns, 26 to 30c; flats, 25 to 
29c. Eggs, weak, and lower; hennery, 
to 75c; State and Western, candled, 
to 71c; storage, 63 to 70c. 
POULTRY AND RABBITS 
Dressed poultry, quiet, firm; turkeys, 
52 to 60c; fowl, 30 to 36c; chickens, 30 
to 36c; old roosters, 26 to 29c; chicks, 
38 to 40c; geese, 28 to 32c. Live poul¬ 
try firm ; turkeys, 50 to 55c; fowl, 30 to 
35c; chickens, 30 to 35c; old roosters, 
23 to 24c; ducks, 38 to 40c; geese, 27 to 
30c- Rabbits, steady; jacks, pair,. $1 
to $1.25 ; cottontails, 50 to 65c. 
APPLES—POTATOES 
Apples, easy; Mackintosh, bu.. $2 to 
$2.25; Fameuse Spitzenburg, $1.50 to $2; 
Greening, Baldwin, Fall pippin, 90c to 
$1.25; seconds, 40 to 75c. Potatoes, 
steady; good to fancy white, bu.. $3 to 
$3.20; seconds, 50 to 60c; sweets, ham¬ 
per, $2.50 to $2.75. 
BEA N S-O NIONS 
Beaus, easy; Kidney, cvvt., $10 to $11 ; 
marrow, $9 to $9.50; pea and medium, 
$5 to $6. Onions, unsettled; home¬ 
grown, bu., $1 to $1.50; State and AVest- 
ern, cwt., $1 to $1.65; Spanish, crate, 
$1.50 to $1.75. 
GRAPES AND BERRIES 
California grapes, firm; Emperor, keg, 
$7 to $7.50. Cranberries, dull; Cape 
Cod, bbl., $17 to $37.50; strawberries, 
dull; fancy Florida, 75c to 85e. 
VEGETABLES 
Vegetables, quiet; Beets, bu., 50 to 
SOc; carrots, 50 to 75c; Cal. cauliflower, 
$2 to $2.25; parsnips, $1 to $1.25; pump¬ 
kins, 50 to 60c; spinach, 50 to 75c; tur¬ 
nips. white, 85e to $1 ; yellow, 60 to 70c-; 
beets, Fla., doz. bunches, $1.20 to $1.25; 
oyster plant, 90c to $1.15; parsley, 65 
to 75c; shallots, 60 to 75c; cabbage, 
white, 100 heads, $3 to $4.50; Savoy, $5 
to $6; celery, bunch, 80 to 90c; endive, 
box, 25c; lettuce, Southern, $1.50 to 
$3.90; cucumbers, doz., $7 to $8; toma¬ 
toes, 10-lb. hothouse basket, $2.50 to $4. 
SWEETS—NUTS 
Honey, steady, light comb, 35 to 38c; 
dark, 32 to 34c. Maple products, quiet; 
sugar, lb., 32 to 38c; syrup, gal., $2 to 
$2.25. Butternuts, bu., $1 to $1.25; 
black walnuts, lb., 5 to 7c; Italian 
chestnuts, 12 to 34c. 
FEED 
*IIay, quiet; timothy, ton, $28 .to $30; 
clover mixed, $25 to $27; straw, $16 to 
$18; wheat bran, $42.50; middlings, 
$30.50; red dog, $41.50; cottonseed meal, 
$35.50;-oilmeal, $40; hominy, $39; glu¬ 
ten, $52 50; oat feed, $17.50; rye mid¬ 
dlings, $31.50. j.‘ w. c. 
Boston Wholesale Markets 
BUTTER 
Creamery, best. 55 to 57c; common to 
good, 46 to*52c; dairy, 30 to 40c; storage, 
45 to 50c* 
EGGS 
Fancy near-by, 74 to 75c; gathered, 
good to choice, 65 to 70c; storage, 57 to 
60c. 
LIVE POULTRY 
Fowls, 35 to 37c; chickens, 32 to 34c. 
DRESSED POULTRY 
Turk eye, best, 55 to 58c; good to choice, 
45 to 50c; chickens, 43 to 45c; fowls, 29 
to 32c; ducks, 33 to 36c; geese, 30 to 34c. 
FRUITS 
Apples, Baldwin, bbl . $3 to $5; Green¬ 
ings. $3 to $4 ; Spy. $3.50 to $5. Cran¬ 
berries, bbl.. $12 to 815; strawberries, 
qt., 75c to $1. 
POTATOES 
Maine, 100 lbs.. $1.85 to to $2; sweet 
potatoes, bu., $1.50 to $1.75. 
VEGETABLES 
Onions. 100 lbs.. $1 to $1.50; cabbage, 
bbl.. $1.25 to $1.50; celery, bu. box, $1.50 
to $5; lettuce, bu. box. 15 to 50c; spin¬ 
ach, bu. box. $1.25 to 81.50; squash, ton, 
$80 to $120; carrots, bu. box, $1.25 to 
$2; turnips, bu. box. 50c to $1; radishes, 
bu. box. $2 to $2.50; Brussels sprouts, 
Best Timothy, 840 to $41 ; No. 2. $35 
to $37; No. 3, $26 to $28; clover mixed, 
$34 to $38; rye straw, $26 to $27; oat 
straw, $18 to $19. 
Pittsburgh Wholesale Markets 
BUTTER 
Best 60 to 61c; common to good, tub, 
57 to 59c; rolls; 45 to 48c. 
EGGS ' 
Best near-by, 74 to 75c; gathered, 64 
to 70c; storage, GO to 61c. 
LIVE POULTRY 
Hens, 25 to 30c; chickens, 32 to 35c; 
roosters; 20 to 21c; ducks. 36 to 40c; 
geese, 35 to 38c; turkeys, 56 to 58c. 
Bruits 
Apples, bbl., $4..)6 to $5.50; cranber¬ 
ries. bbl., $12 to $13; strawberries, qt., 
80 to 90c. 
VEGETABLES 
Potatoes. 150 lbs.. $2.75 to $3.25; 
sweet potatoes, bu., $2 to $2.50; cabbage, 
ton. $!0 to $12.; onions. 300 lbs.. $1 to 
$1.50; turnips, bu.. 81 50 to $1.75; car¬ 
rots, bu., $1.25 to $1.50. 
HAY 
Timothy. No. 1. $30 to $30.50; No. 2, 
$27 to $28; clover, mixed, 28 to 28.50. 
Philadelphia Wholesale Markets 
BUTTER 
Best creamery, 59 to 
choice, 50 to 55c; lower 
45c; ladles, 25 to 32c; 
18 to 24e. 
EGGS 
Best nearby, 68 to 90c; gathered, good 
to choice, 60’ to 66c. 
LIVE POULTRY 
Chickens, 27 to 32c; roosters, 23 to 
25c; fowls, 28 to 36c; ducks, 34 to 36c; 
geese, 28 to 32c. 
dressed poultry 
Turkeys, 55 to 60c; fowls, 32 to 36c; 
chickens. 32 to 37c; ducks, 30 to 40c: 
geese, 30 to 32c. 
FRUITS 
Apples, hbl.. $2.;>0 to $5.50; cranber¬ 
ries, bbl., $12 to $17. 
VEGETABLES 
Potatoes, cwt., $1.50 to $1.90; %-bu. 
basket, 25 to 70c; sweet potatoes, %-bu. 
to $30; onions, 100 lbs.. $1.15 to $1.65; 
carrots, bbl., $1.75 to $3. 
HAY AND STRAW 
Timothy, No. 2, $27 to $28; No. 3, $25 
to $26; sample, $22 to $24; clover mixed, 
$24 to $28; straw, rye, $19 to $21; 
wheat, $16 to $16.50. 
61 c; good to 
grades, 35 to 
packing stock, 
New York Wholesale Quotations 
January 0, 1921 
MILK 
The New York price to producers for 
January is $3.18 per 100 lbs. for 3 per 
cent milk at points 200 to 210 miles from 
the city, with 4 cents per 100 lbs. addi¬ 
tional for every tenth of 1 per cent 
butterfat over 3. 
BUTTER 
Prices remain without special change. 
Several cars of New Zealand butter have 
arrived from the Pacific coast. It is 
wholesaling about 
domestic. 
5 cents under best 
Creamery, fancy-lb. 
57 
@ 
58 
Good to Choice . 
50 
<a 
55 
Lower Grade*.. 
34 
44 
City made.r.. 
20 
@ 
28 
Dairy, best . 
53 
« 
55 
Common to good . 
35 
@ 
45 
Packing Stock. 
CHEESE 
15 
@ 
22 
Whole Milk, fancy;-... 
27 
@ 
28 
Good to obolce. 
24 
@ 
26 
Skims, bent. 18 @ 20 
Fair to good . 11 @ 16 
EGGS 
There has been a drop of about 10 
cents per dozen. The mild weather has 
increased production. 
White, nearby, oboloe to fanoy. 
@ 
77 
Medium to good.. 
@ 
75 
Mlied colors, nearby best. 
72 
@ 
73 
Common to good. 
@ 
70 
Gathered, best, white. 
@ 
75 
Medium to good, mixed colors .. 
66 
@ 
71 
Lower grades. 
50 
@ 
55 
Storage, best. 
48 
<$ 
52 
Common to good. 
. 38 
<A 
45 
LIVE STOCK 
Steer*. 
. 9 00 
@11 
Bolli ••• 
. 6 00 
@ - 
•a 
Cows. 
3 O' 
it 
Calves, prime veal, 100 lb*. 
I K, 
@2! 
Cull*. 
. * 30 
@10 (HI 
Hog*. 
10 50 
@ 11 50 
Sheep, 100 lb*. 
. 3 50 
@ 5 
25 
Lambs . 
. 9 00 
'a 12 50 
LIVE POULTRY 
Business is reported at: Fowls, 30 to 
38c; chickens, 30 to 
36c; roosters, 20 to 
21c; ducks, 36 to 40c; geese, 28 
to 
35c; 
turkeys, 44 to 45c. 
DRESSED 
POULTRY 
Turkeys, best. 
@ 
55 
Com. to good. 
@ 
54 
Chickens choice lb. 
@ 
45 
Fair to Good. 
>•••••••••*•*• «15 
@ 
40 
Fowls . 
to 
36 
Roosters.... 
@ 
24 
Squabs, doz. 
. 4 00 
4u 
<& 11 UU 
Geese. 
. 28 
@ 
35 
COUNTRY-DRESSED MEATS 
Sales are reported at: Calves, choice, 
26 to 2 1 a ; common to good. 16 to 20c- 
pork, 100 to 150 lbs. each. 15 to 17c- 
heavier, 10 to 14c; 50 to 100 lbs. each, 
lo to 20c; roasting pigs. 10 to 15 lbs.. 35 
to 40c; 16 to 20 lbs., 25 to 31c. Rabbits 
from the West, have brought 30 to SOc 
per pair for cottontails and $1 to $1.25 
per pair for jacks. 
BEANS 
Marrow, 100 lb*.... . S 75 @9 00 
. 5 50 @ 5 75 
Yellow Lye. 9 50 ©10 00 
FRUITS 
Apples. Baldwin, bbl. .. 
Greening. 
York.... 
King.. 
McIntosh. 
bu. bkt. 
Pears, bbl. 
Cranberries, bbl. 
Strawberries, qt. 
3 50 
3 50 
2 75 
3 00 
4 50 
75 
3 00 
9 00 
50 
@ 5 00 
© 5 00 
@ 5 00 
@ 5 50 
@ 8 00 
@ 1 50 
@ 9 00 
@15 00 
@ 60 
POTATOES 
Quite heavy shipments are arriving 
from Denmark, about 4,500.000 lbs. dur- 
ing t} l e ^ past . week - These are selling 
around $2 to $2.25 per 165-lb. sack. 
Long Island, 165 lbs.3 75 @ 4 25 
Jersey, 150 lbs. “> 50 ® q cn 
Maine. 180 lbs. .. 3 ® ? S? 
Sweet Potatoes, bu. bkt. 1 ' 00 | ] 75 
VEGETABLES 
Brussels Sprouts, qt. 
Beets, bbl... 
Cabbage, ton. 
Carrots, bbl.i 
Lettuce, ha)f-bbl. busket.... 
Onions. 100 lbs. 
Squash, bbl.. 
Egg Plants, bn. 
Turnips, rutabaga, bbl...!!. 
Radishes. 100 bunches. 
String Beans, bu. bkt. 
Peppers, bu. 
Komai ne, bu.. 
Mushrooms, lb. 
Spinach, bbl. 
Cel ry. Large crate.*. 
Kale, bbl. 
10 
. 2 00 
12 00 
. 75 
. 1 00 
. 1 00 
. 2 00 
. 3 00 
. 1 50 
. 3 00 
. 3 00 
. 4 00 
. 1 00 
40 
. I 25 
. 2 00 
, 1 50 
HAY AND STRAW 
Hay, Timothy,No. I. ton. 
No. 2. 
No. 3.. . 
Shipping. 
' lover. M ixed . 
Straw. Rye . ‘ 
@ 20 
@ 2 50 
@25 00 
@ 2 00 
@ 1 75 
@ 1 75 
@ 3 50 
@ 7 00 
la 2 00 
® 5 00 
@ 5 00 
@ 7 00 
@ 1 50 
@ 60 
@ 2 25 
a 3 50 
@ 2 00 
.32 00 (a 34 00 
.30 00 @32 00 
.28 00 '« 29 00 
.25 00 @27 On 
.28 00 (,36 00 
...19 00 @20 00 
oat and f H g 0 ° 
GRAIN 
Cash wholesale prices quoted at New 
\ork: Wheat No. 2 red, $1.99; corn, 
2 rife 9 2 c = oats > N °- 2 white; 
b()c, rye, $lw9; barley, 90c. 
HIDES AND SKINS 
Prices quoted at New York on countrv 
•slaughter steer hides are 11 to 12c; wows 
and bulls, 7 to 9c. Horsehides have sold 
from $2.75 to $3.50 each. Country 
slaughter calfskins, from 9 to 12 lbs 
$l.i)0 to $1.00; lighter, 75e to $1.25, 
Retail Prices at New 
Butter—Best . 
Fair to good. 
Milk—Loose, at stores. 
Bottled, Grade A. 
Certified . 
Heavy cream. % pint. 
Cheese, lb. 
Eggs—Best . 
Fair to good. 
Fowls . 
Turkeys . 
Chickens . 
Lamb chops. 
Potatoes, lb. 
York 
$.63 to 
.60 to 
.45 to 
.80 to 
.65 to 
.42 to 
.52 to 
.45 to 
.50 to 
.03 to 
$.64 
.62 
.14 
.21 
.28 
.30 
.50 
.90 
.75 
.50 
55 
.50 
.65 
.04 
The Christmas Tree Market 
The reports show that the Christmas 
tree crop was larger than ever this year 
During the war but few Christmas trees 
were cut and sold, as all labor and money 
w’ei-e supposed to be used iu some profit¬ 
able work. This year, however, the 
Christmas tree lias “come back’’ with a 
boom. It is said that oue million and a 
half of these Christmas tret's have been 
cut in New England States. Spruce, fir 
and hemlock are generally desired. The 
trees which grow in old pastures are most 
desired, as they have a better shape, and 
many farmers sell to contractors who go 
in and cut and ship the trees themselves. 
The owner of the tree gets but a very 
small share of the final sale. Many of 
the trees are sold at $25 to $30 per thou¬ 
sand. Some of the finer trees growing 
in the pastures have brought as high as 
50 cents each in a few eases, while the 
buyer in the city will pay $2 or more. 
Probably the 35-eent dollar which goes 
".e owner of the Christmas trees 
s*-■ rinks to about 10 cents before it reaches 
him. Northern New' Hampshire. Vermont 
and the western part of Maine sup¬ 
plied many trees this year. There is 
a good deal of grumbling against the sale 
of these trees. The paper makers object 
to such sale, as they would much prefer 
to have these trees grow' into a suitable 
size for producing wood pulp. Their pro¬ 
tests, however, do not count for very 
much with the city people, and whenever 
Christmas lolls around the average family 
feels that it cannot celebrate the holiday 
without a tree. We have felt for some 
time that it would pay a young man w'ith 
a large amount of waste land to plant 
trees w'ith a deliberate purpose of produc-, 
ing future Christmas trees. 
» 
