160 
D* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 29, 1921 
* The Ideal Plow * 
for Stony, Hilly Land 
I T is hard to do a good job of plowing on hilly, stony land 
with the average plow. But here is a plow that will 
do your plowing the way you want it done. The John Deere 
Syracuse Two-Way Plow is built to meet just such plowing 
difficulties as yours. 
JOHN DEERE 
TWO-WAY 
PLOW 
BUILT IN THE EAST FOR THE EAST 
SYRACUSE 
This plow is equipped with one 
tight and one left-hand bottom. Each 
bottom may be used alternately, and 
the plow operated back and forth 
across the held, throwing the soil 
all one way. This feature has a 
special advantage in plowing hill¬ 
sides. It is also an advantage in 
plowing irregular - shaped fields 
where it is impossible to lay out a 
rectangular land. Foot levers make 
it possible to maintain a full width 
furrow on hillsides or in plowing 
around stones or other obstructions. 
The Syracuse Two-Way Plow 
leaves no dead furrows or back 
ridges. It finishes the work as it 
goes. You can immediately follow 
the plow with your harrowing and 
planting operations. And it does 
the kind of plowing job that you 
and your neighbors like to see—on 
hillsides, on level land, and in fields 
of irregular shape. 
A Primer of Economics 
By John J. Dillon 
Part VIII 
Before you start sprint; work, go to your John Deere dealer and inspect 
the Syracuse Two-Way Plow. NVrite us for a folder describing it. 
Address John Deere, Moline, Illinois, and ask for Package ST7 37. 
JOHN*DEERE 
THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY MADE FAMOUS BY GOOD IMPLEMENT^ 
HOO 
TREE 
Aids Digestion 
DROVE at our risk that you can 
-*• easily save one-third on high priced feed, 
cut 10 to 80 days off the feeding period and 
have healthier hogs by feeding MILKOLINE. 
Milkoline has a base of 
pasteurized and steril¬ 
ized, modified Buttermilk. It is guaranteed 
not to contain any sulphuric acid or anything 
injurious to hogs or poultry. It helps tone 
up the system, making hogs less subject to 
disease, practically insuring gains of tYa lbs. a 
head per day. r \ 
University'Tested 
of Dairy Husbandry at Missouri University, 
conducted a scientific test which showed that 
MILKOLINE fed hogs made a profit of 82.67% 
more than those not fed Milkoline. W. H. 
Graham, Middletown, Mo., said $30 worth of 
Milkoline made an extra profit of $420 in 60 
days. Lee Jackson, Wappingers Falls, N. Y.. 
says Milkoline is great for shoats and sows. 
Milkoline 2c a Gal. 
i n condensed 
form, and when fed as directed costs only 2c a 
gallon. It is guaranteed not to spoil, rot, sour 
or mould. Keeps indefinitely in any climate. 
Flies do not come near it. The prices are as 
follows: i gal. $7.60; 10 gal. $12.50; 16 gal. 
$16.60; 32 gal. $32.00; 55 gal. $49.50. 
QA now Trial Try Milkoline at our risk 
Uv Uaj Allan f or 30 d ay8 — if not satis¬ 
fied that it is the best farm money maker and 
saver you ever saw it costa you nothing. Sim¬ 
ply send check or money order for any amount 
today, feed one-half to poultry and hogs in a 
80 day test; then if not satisfied return unused 
part at our expense«and we’ll immediately re¬ 
fund every cent you paid us. You are the Bole 
judge, and have everything to gain and noth¬ 
ing to lose by making this test. Our interest¬ 
ing and valuable booklet, "How To Hustle 
Heavy Hogs To Market" will be sent free on 
request—your name on a card will do. 
Rlfi RAAK FRFF I Simply send name and 
Dill DUUIV mtt. address-a card will do, 
and we’ll send an interesting booklet telling 
how Milkoline will increase your poultry and 
hog profits. Write us or our nearest distrib¬ 
utors today. 
MILKOLINE MF6. CO 
DISTRIBUTED BY 
Anderson & Scofield, Fishkill, N. Y. 
Gerhart & Pagels, Trenton, N. J. 
Joseph Breck & Sons Corp., Boston, 9, Mass. 
Alert 
and ready for 
"Work .Again. 
W E sign a Guarantee Contract to cure. 
Use it once and you will always de¬ 
pend upon SAVE-THE-HORSE. We 
take all the risk to keep your horses sound. 
SAVE-THE-HORSE 
is sold under signed MONEY-BACK Guarantee to 
absolutely cure Ringbone. Thoropin, SPAVIN or 
Shoulder, Knee, Ankle, Hoof or Tendon Disease. 
Over 27 years’ success with stubborn cases where 
everything else failed has proven the value of SAVE- 
THE-HORSE to more than 300,000 satisfied users. 
BOOK FREE 
Write today for FREE Save-the-Horse BOOK of 
96 pages, illustrated, telling how to locate, understand 
and treat any lameness; copies of Guarantee and 
expert veterinary sdvice^aU FREE. 
TROYCHEMICALCO., 324 StateSt.,Binghamton.N.Y. 
Druggists everywhetesell SAVE-THE- 
HORSE with signed Guarantee, or we 
send it direct by Parcel Post Prepaid. 
SILOS at HALF PRICE 
My Winter Sale of Silos is now 
on. I will allow a discount of 
50 % on all silos sold this month. 
My silos arc of a well-known 
make, all new and first-class in 
every way. Built of the genuine 
Clear Oregon Fir, the most 
durable material used for silos. 
Your neighbor probably bought 
one from me last year. Ask 
him how he likes it and how 
much he saved. 
M. L. SMITH, MFRS - AGT - 
113 Flood Building 
MEADVILLE PENNSYLVANIA 
What are the fundamental principles 
or marks by which a corporate co-opera¬ 
tive organization may bo known? 
To qualify under present practice as a 
corporate co-operative association or com¬ 
pany, the organization must have these 
distinguishing marks: 
1. It must be incorporated. This is 
self-evident from the w r ord "corporate” 
in the title. 
2. There must be voluntary association. 
No person must be forced in or compelled 
to remain in against his or her will. The 
inducement must be in. the service, but 
obligations of the membership may be 
fixed by contract or by-laws. 
3. Each person, must have an equal 
voice with each of the other members in 
the management. This implies one man, 
one vote, no stock vote, and no proxy vote. 
This voice in control must be practical, 
not academic. The means and conveni¬ 
ence for vote must be provided. 
4. Each person must share equably in 
the benefits of the organization in the 
proportion of his contributions to it in 
capital, trade and service. There must 
be no devices by which one member or 
group of members may profit more or less 
than the others. 
5. The spirit of the organization must 
be altruistic. It must be inspired by high 
ideals, and actuated by a sense of right 
and justice to all within and without the 
organization. Co-operation is a protest 
against selfishness and greed as developed 
in the capitalistic system. It must be 
true to its principles. It cannot succeed 
under false pretenses. It must maintain 
a spirit of mutual confidence. Men will 
not long co-operate if selfishness perme¬ 
ates the organization. 
Is there any precedent for a special 
system of law for co-operative business? 
There are many precedents for a gen¬ 
eral law to facilitate the organization of 
co-operative corporations and -to conduct 
business under them. The stock company is 
especially deesigned and perfected for the 
concentration of capital, and the admin¬ 
istration of manufacturing and commer¬ 
cial enterprises. The banking system is 
organized under special laws enacted to 
encourage banking institutions. The sav¬ 
ings hanks have a law suited to their 
peculiar needs. The life insurance com¬ 
pany is promoted under a law specially 
designed to encourage it. Under special 
laws the saving and loan associations 
have built up the most successful com¬ 
plete co-operative service in this country. 
The truth is none of these institutions 
could have built up to their present pro¬ 
portions without the aid of special laws 
to encourage them and to protect them. 
What steps are essential to the devel¬ 
opment of a satisfactory co-operative law? 
The simplest and altogether the best 
plan would be for Congress to enact a 
new and complete Federal law, under 
which a co-operative system of rural 
banking and business could he developed. 
It should be as distinct and complete 
a plan as our national hanking system 
and our corporate stock company system 
combined. An industry with sixty billions 
investment capital and an annual produc¬ 
tion of substantially twenty billions is 
entitled to an organization system that 
will permit the mobilization of its credits 
and facilitate its selling problems. 
This legislation should authorize the 
organization of non-stock corporations 
with or without shares and with or with¬ 
out limit or liability, when conducted 
on co-operative principles, for any purpose 
of banking or business now lawful for the 
stock corporation. The Federal co-opera¬ 
tive corporation should be made exempt 
from all anti-monopoly laws which have 
been enacted to correct abuses arising 
under the stock company, and which have 
no justification when applied to co-opera¬ 
tive business. Inspection and reports 
and publicity patterned after the plan in 
use for national banks, hut more thor¬ 
ough, would he helpful, and should be 
provided as a part of the general scheme. 
Let our co-operative business be sur¬ 
rounded with every safeguard to protect 
its customers, as well as its members; 
but let us not hamper it with restrictions 
and laws w'hich have been enacted to 
check abuses in corporations organized 
and conducted under different laws. 
Is it not possible to conduct co-opera¬ 
tive business under the laws we now 
have? 
People inspired with the true co-opera¬ 
tive spirit can conduct a perfeot co-oper¬ 
ative enterprise under the co-operative 
laws we now have, or under the stock 
corporation law; but it is too much to 
expect of human nature that men will be 
always altruistic. To operate under 
these laws is to put obstacles in the way 
of co-operation; and what we want to do 
is to make co-operation easy and inviting, 
and give it the means of permanent suc¬ 
cess. We want a system that will not 
depend for success on any one man or 
any group of men, but one that when once 
established will go on under ordinary 
management from the force of its own 
momentum. 
Is the member of a co-operative asso¬ 
ciation identical with the association? 
The member of a corporation is not 
identical with a stock company or of a 
non-stock association. 
Every corporation, whether co-opera¬ 
tive or otherwise, is an artifical person. 
It is legally as distinct and separate a 
unit as a natural person. The fact that 
a person is a stockholder in a stock cor¬ 
poration, or a member in a non-stock 
corporation, does not merge the identity 
of the person with the corporation. For 
all business purposes, the person and the 
corporation are as separate and distinct 
as if the person had no stock or no mem¬ 
bership in the corporation. A contract 
between a member and the corporation is 
just as binding as if made between two 
men, and when contracts are made, they 
should clearly define the terms of the 
agreement as it affects both parties. The 
contract should protect one as fully and 
completely as it protects the other. It 
is true that the farmer has a business in¬ 
terest in the corporation in which he is 
a member. He has a sympathetic in¬ 
terest in the corporation that is organ¬ 
ized to serve him, and which does serve 
him, but in making contracts with it, and 
in buying or selling through it, the inter¬ 
ests of himself and of the corporation 
will be best served if the transactions are 
conducted on strictly business principles. 
When each and every member of a co¬ 
operative corporation signs an identical 
contract, each severally as one party, and 
the corporation is the other party in each 
and all cases, the membership may, by 
unanimous action, refuse to enforce the 
terms against themselves, and in that 
way avoid some of the consequences of an 
improvident contract; but if obligations 
are contracted by the corporation in the 
meantime with outside parties, the mem¬ 
bers cannot even by unanimous action 
among themselves as a corporation escape 
responsibility for such obligations. When, 
however, accounts are properly audited 
and the members are fully informed by 
publicity of all important transactions, 
the question of the responsibility of mem¬ 
bers is not important. 
In Denmark the members often assume 
unlimited responsibility in their local as¬ 
sociations, though that form is not pop¬ 
ular in America. The publicity, however, 
is important, because it furnishes the only 
means by which the members may be able 
to protect themselves and safeguard the 
organization. 
Amount to Feed Hens 
1. How much scratch feed should I 
feed 100 chickens by measure? Should 
chickens be fed three times a day when 
running out? 2. I have a 10-year-old 
driving horse that overreaches, hitting 
the calks of his front shoes with toe of 
hind shoes. I have taken him to several 
blacksmiths with no results. s. M. r. 
1. From eight to ten quarts of mixed 
grains per day are usually fed each 100 
laying fowls when a dry or moist mash 
is given in addition. The fowls should 
eat about equal parts by weight of dry 
grains and mash, and the amount of the 
latter consumed may be regulated by in¬ 
creasing or withholding the quantity of 
the more palatable whole grain given. 
2. Horses that overreach usually do so 
W’hen driven too fast. The trouble may 
be at least partially overcome by shoeing 
with .short-heeled shoes in front and with 
rear shoes that permit the toes to extend 
beyond the iron. Quarter boots are some¬ 
times needed by driving horses to protect 
the quarters of the front feet from injury. 
M. B. D. 
