1 The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
376 
A Primer of Economics 
(Continued from page 370) 
and there to discard substitutes and use 
tim genuine dairy product. Every local 
dairy organization should have a commit¬ 
tee whose business it will be to see that 
genuine dairy products are sold in the 
local stores, and that the supply is con¬ 
stant from regional sources. The com¬ 
mittee would keep a record of the local 
consumption of dairy substitutes aud 
labor constantly to displo e them with 
the honest products of the cow. This de¬ 
velopment of local consumption is an im 
portant reason for the system of local 
associations as compared with a central¬ 
ized organization. To make it general it 
must lie systematically directed from a 
central oflice; but the effective agency is 
the live local association. 
The co-operative system, however, finds 
its real task and its greatest opportunity 
in-the markets of the large cities and in 
New York State in our own metropolitan 
city. Tt. is there that prices are largely 
made for the whole Eastern part of the 
country. There it meets the middleman 
system entrenched and fortified and inter 
locked with the banks, the truckmen, the 
railroads, the storage warehouses, the ex¬ 
changes and the politicians. The banks 
furnish the money for speculation, the 
cold storage houses give the dealers a 
monopoly of their space, the truckmen 
are satisfied with a system that gives 
them long hauls, and they work to pre¬ 
serve it; the big railroads have the lion’s 
share of the traffic through their docks 
and delivery system, and they will do 
nothing to displease the middlemen, who 
are large receivers. The exchanges are 
manipulated by the dealers themselves, 
and they serve to fix prices. The poli¬ 
ticians are allied with the food specu¬ 
lators in countless ways. The middlemen 
are liberal contributors to campaign 
funds, and include both parties. Some¬ 
times the politician is a paid attorney, or 
lie may be placed in a position to get 
favors for clients who are in trouble, and 
who pay good retainers. Every depart¬ 
ment of the city and State governments 
has an incumbent friendly to the food 
trusts and speculators. When informa¬ 
tion or influence is needed there is some¬ 
one on the State job to furnish it. Gov¬ 
ernment agents, from the city roundsman 
to the State leader, are found to serve the 
middlemen system of food distribution. 
Turning Under Sweet Clover 
Annual white Sweet clover has been 
recommended in your columns as of value 
ns a green mammal plant, and instances 
have been published where this plant has 
attained a height, - I believe, of six or 
eight feet. Will you explain how vegeta 
tion of such height or anywhere near as 
tall can he plowed under the soil? Would 
there be considerable benefit to the soil in 
cutting such a crop for hay and plowing 
under the stubble and roots? tt. e. b. 
There would he some benefit from this 
but of course not so much as where the 
entire crop is put under. A good plow¬ 
man with a heavy chain dragging in 
front of the plow oa i tuck under almost 
anything in the way of a growing crop. 
Or tiie clover can he cut and willed on 
the ground and then raked into the fur¬ 
rows. 
Raspberries and Peach Yellow 
T have quite a nice little peach orchard 
in hearing and wish to plant an acre or 
two in berries. Ts there any truth in the 
saying that raspberries cause peach yel¬ 
lows if planted anywhere close together? 
Waynesboro, Pa, n. 0 . F. 
The raspberries will not cause yellows 
in the peach. We have seen a number of 
orchards where raspberries were grown 
between the peach trees apparently with 
good success. In other eases the trees 
seem to suffer. The explanation seems 
to be that raspberries are some time af¬ 
flicted with the disease known as crown- 
gall. which is also found on the peach 
tree. There seem to be cases on record 
where the crown-gall has been brought 
into the peach orchard on raspberry roots, 
and the same would probably he true of 
any of the bush fruits. It is dangerous, 
therefore, to plant these bush fruits be¬ 
tween rows of fruit trees, unless we are 
absolutely sure that no crown-galls can 
be found on the bushes. We have grown 
raspberries and peach trees together with-, 
out any serious trouble from this cause, 
hot there seems to be no question about 
the fact that crown-gal 1 , is sometimes 
brought injto an orchard in this way. 
\ FA WORK 
(entral 
LINES 
Perishable Freight Service 
P ERISHABLE commodities re¬ 
quire special handling, loading, 
and icing arrangements. Experience 
has demonstrated the best methods 
for loading and stowing perishable 
commodities. The shipper can learn 
these methods by calling the agricul¬ 
tural service of the New York Cen¬ 
tral Lines. Actual demonstrations of 
the proper methods of loading and 
stowing will be given wherever suf¬ 
ficient interest is manifested. Through 
this service the shipper is aided in 
knowing better both his product and 
market. 
In the fruit and vegetable terri¬ 
tories, the Department’s experts on 
refrigerator car loading assist in 
maintaining the original condition of 
shipments to destination. An expe¬ 
rienced Crop Estimator advises on 
movable production, date of move¬ 
ment, and wider distribution. The 
performance of icing services is close¬ 
ly followed and carefully checked. 
The shipping of perishable freight 
over the New York Central Lines is 
the last step in the attainment of the 
farmer’s profit. 
The Agricultural Department wel¬ 
comes your inquiries. 
THE NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES 
MICHIGAN CENTRAL - BIG FOUR —*• LAKE ERIE €r WESTERN, 
BOSTON & ALBANY - TOLEDO OHIO CENTRAL - PITTSBURGH &IAKE ERIE 
NEW YORK CENTRAL-AND-SUBSIDIARY LINES 
New York Central Station 
Rochester, N. Y. 
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT 
Grand Central Terminal, New York City 
La Salle Street Statioa 
Chicago, III. 
SUlver^ 
Bigger Profits 
with FERTILE 
FIELDS 
SQ 
Land 
continually 
cropped without replacing 
plant-nourishment, soon “peters out.” 
Sour unproductive soil is made sweet and 
productive by spreading Solvay—ground fine, guaranteed 
high test 95% carbonates, furnace dried, no waste. Non-caustic—will 
not burn. Crops increase first harvest after use. Booklet mailed 
FREE. Write! 
THE SOLVAY 
PROCESS CO. 
pulverized 
501 Milton Ave. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
LIME STON E 
The Best Crops Require the Use of 
Wil COX Fertilizers 
Our customers call them “fertilizers that fertilize.” 
They know, and we want you to know the advantages 
of using our goods,—quality and condition second to 
none. Ask us about them ! 
We suggest that you put your crop feeding problems 
before us. They will have our immediate attention. 
THE WILCOX FERTILIZER COMPANY 
Mystic - - Connecticut 
T U. S. Flanner 
O.D. Shirts 
Pay Postman 
Made of 9 <«. Flannel, Re¬ 
inforced Throughout. Two 
pockets, attached collar, 
rout' opportunity to got two shirts for 
price of one, for these are genuine U. 8. Army Wool 
flannel Shirts. Send No Money Now-. Send your 
name and address and shirts will he sent )>y return 
mail. Pay Postman 16.00 and postage when your 
two shirts arrive. 
r.uarsntoo • Y e tru«ranti e you will he en- 
aill.ee. . tirely sati-tled or your money 
hack. Don’t hesitate. Push your order to-day be¬ 
fore you forget. 
United States Blanket Co. 
Dept. 21 45 W. 34th Street New York 
r =~- ■ , ■ ■ 1 
I When you t write advertisers mention 
I The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get 
I a quick reply and a "square deal.” See 
guarantee editorial page. 
