376 
<P* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 5, 19*21 
SPRAYING 
Protects Your Crops Against Insects 
and Fungus Diseases 
THE UNION LEADER 
The “EVERY PURPOSE” Sprayer 
Cylinder Head and Valves are Fully Water Jacketed 
Wheels Adjustable on Axles any distance from 44 to 72 in. 
Can be furnished with : ny kind of equipment for Fruit 
or Vegetable Spraying. Has a Revolving Agitator fitted 
with a Brush for keeping suction strainer clean and poison 
in thorough solution. Write for complete description. 
The “OSPRAYMO” line of spraying equip¬ 
ment, from the Bucket or Knapsack types to the 
large Power Orchard rigs, are noted for their capa¬ 
city for work and are built to stand up under most 
severe conditions. No clogged nozzles — no waste 
of time and money through breakdowns. They are 
built for long life and uninterrupted service. 
A SPRAYER FOR EVERY NEED 
HIGH PRESSURE GUARANTEED 
YELLOW JACKET 
For POTATOES, CELERY, PICKLES or TOMATOES 
With Selected Cypress 100 Gallon Tank 
“The Golden Sprayer” 
Has AUXILIARY AIR CHAMBER 
Revolving Agitator and paddles with Brushes automatically clean 
suction strainer and keeps the poison in thorough solution. 
Write for further details and complete catalog. 
The Real Secret of Success in Spraying Potatoes is HIGH PRESSURE 
WRITE FOR COMPLETE CATALOGUE 
FIELD 
Dept. 2-A 
MANUFACTURED BY 
FORCE PUMP CO. 
Elmira, N. Y. 
Spraying Notes 
Last Season's Spraying Experience 
Thorough Work.— Last Spring, for 
the first time in several years. I did not ride 
one of the spray rigs. So my remarks 
now are more like those of an “innocent 
bystander.” In 1020 we did not do any 
real dormant spraying, but got over most 
of the orchards with the “delayed dor¬ 
mant.” Then, because the “pink spray” 
was so important, in 1910 we took great 
pains to get it on well. As soon as the 
petals were mostly off the spraying started 
again, and we got all over the orchards 
from two sides and doubled up on some 
of the more important blocks. This was 
the most thorough spraying our orchards 
had ever had and we felt reasonably safe. 
Disappointing Results. —The season 
of 1920 was very dry. There was practi¬ 
cally no rain from the middle of March 
until wheat sowing. It did not seem that 
the trees were damp more than a few 
hours at a time all Summer. Early in 
the season we found that we had fungus 
in certain blocks. Some blocks of young 
trees where we took special pains to get 
a good job had no scab. Other older 
blocks had a great deal of it. Some large 
old trees were practically clean on the 
lower branches, hut very bad higher up. Tn 
what we know as the “Ben Davis Block” 
the eight rows on the east side were prac¬ 
tically clean, while the apples on the rest 
of the trees were bad. Those on the 
south sides of I he trees were very bad. 
Early in the “calyx spray” there came a 
day of west wind. As it is important at 
that lime to get some spray on the trees 
we sent one <>f the teams to work on the 
Ben Davis from the west side. After 
spraying these eight rows a change of 
wind or some other reason took this spray 
rig to other trees, and it was several days 
before they got back and started spraying 
the same block from the north. A few 
days later a change of wind allowed the 
trees to be sprayed from the south. In 
the case of that block the spraying from 
the west seems to have been the only one 
that had any great effect in keeping the 
apples clean. 
High Pressure Needed. — All our 
spraying was done with guns at fairly 
high pressures and the spray material 
was driven through the trees well enough 
from the west to give a large amount of 
protection to all sides. The past season 
has shown us more than ever that we 
must spray at high pressure so that the 
material may he broken up as fine as pos¬ 
sible. It is likely that most of the fail¬ 
ures to get good effects from the spray- 
guns have been due to the use of too low 
pressure. Care must he taken to have 
the holes in the disks of the guns small 
enough so that the pressure will not be 
pulled down. Euless the disks are very 
hard it may be neceskary to put in new 
ones several times in a season. There is 
much wear on the sides of the hole when 
the liquid is rushing out under a pressure 
of three or four hundred pounds to the 
square inch. 
Saving Pumps. —We did no.t use lime 
in the spray mixture last year, and found 
that the wear on the pumps was much 
less. At high pressures the grit in the 
lime cuts out plungers very fast. Other 
parts of the pump may get out of order, 
too. I have seen a gash larger than the 
head of a pencil cut in a valve seat in a 
few minutes when the spray got to leak¬ 
ing past. For next season we have new 
cylinders and plungers for the spray 
pumps. Instead of the old displacement 
plungers working through a packing 
gland we have a leather valve at the lower 
end between the plunger and the cylinder 
wall. The manufacturers claim that it 
is much better and are equipping all their 
new pumps that way. 
The Spray-gun. —The past year has 
seen a great increase in the number of 
spray-guns put on the market. Each has 
some point which it is said will be so 
much better that it will put all the other 
makes out of business, but I have not yet 
seen one that is better than the old origi¬ 
nal spray-gun. One .of the points some¬ 
times made against the spray-gun is that 
the spray is driven at such a high speed 
that it injures the leaves by the force 
with which it strikes. Such a statement 
is almost sure proof that the gun was not 
used right. If it was properly designed 
and used at high enough pressure, and 
with a small enough opening in the disk, 
there would have been no more mechani¬ 
cal injury than with a fog drawn through 
the trees by a strong wind. If the gun 
is right, and used at the right pressure, 
it cannot deliver a stream under any con¬ 
ditions. Of course, this does not mean 
that there will be no mechanical effect if 
the nozzle is brought within a foot or two 
of the leaves that are being sprayed. At 
such a distance the air has not had a 
chance to mix with the spray, and the 
fine particles have not had time to sepa¬ 
rate. In stumbling around the deck as 
the wheels drop into holes the nozzle may 
be pointed down the driver’s neck at 
short range, and be will not fail to men¬ 
tion it. 
Lime-sulphur. — We still stand by 
lime-sulphur. It has its faults. It is not 
as pleasant to use as the miscible oils; 
at least it makes more of a disturbance 
when we get it in the eye. On the other 
hand, it is a valuable fungicide as well 
as a good contact poison for certain in¬ 
sects. and we feel that we know how to 
use it. We are still waiting for the 
dusters to show us something of value. 
Their main argument, of course, is speed. 
This is a big point if they can show us 
where they get speed without reducing 
protection. Some of the. newer spray out¬ 
fits will give about as great speed as the 
dusters and without reducing protection. 
We are still of the belief that the dust 
men have not proved their point. 
Calyx Spray. —The experience of the 
past season has shown the great impor¬ 
tance of getting the “calyx spray” on 
promptly. In 1919 it was the spraying 
just before the blossoms opened that saved 
the crop if well done. In 1920 it was the 
spraying done during the first few days 
after the petals began to fall which saved 
such of the crop as was saved. After 
about the first week of the “calyx spray” 
nearly as much good would have been 
done if clear water had been used. Sec¬ 
ondary infection may have something to 
do with increasing the amount of apple 
scab, especially on trees which have not 
been sprayed, but under commercial or¬ 
chard conditions there is not likely to he 
enough secondary infection to destroy 
more apples than a man could carry in 
his pockets, if the spraying just before 
and just after blossoming is done right 
and at the right time. ALFRED c. WEED. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
The Truth About Dusting Fruit 
1 have been using a liquid spray, small 
TV6 horse power, in orchard, but did not 
have enough power for good work. If 
I got the engine going well it would 
blow out the valves; no end of trouble, 
and water supply was not very handy, 
taking altogether too much time just at 
planting or cultivating time, consequently 
we have never been very thorough in 
spraying. I am now pumping water with 
that small engine, and am undecided 
whether to buy another wet rig or get a 
duster. The dusters are not common just 
around here, and it is hard to get data 
on them. I have about .">00 trees, mostly 
apple. I lean to the duster as saving 
time when it is valuable, if it will get 
results and give us clean fruit. What is 
your opinion? ,T. M. 
Granite Springs, N. Y. 
We have now used a duster three years. 
For the worm and other eating insects it 
has given us results fully equal to the 
liquid spray. For apple scab and sim¬ 
ilar diseases we consider it not quite equal 
to the liquid. We cannot kill the scale 
with the dust, and we do not find it equal 
to the liquid for killing plant lice. These 
few lines cover the case as we have found 
it, but they should be elaborated. We 
use the liquid spray for scale, but depend 
on the dust entirely for killing the cod¬ 
ling worm. If your orchard is free from 
scale and similar insects it would be rea¬ 
sonably safe to depend on the duster 
alone. If you have the scale, by all 
means use the liquid for dormant spray¬ 
ing. We know, of „course, that some 
writers are claiming that they have a 
dust which will kill the scale, but the 
merest study of the life habits of that in¬ 
sect ought to show the folly of such ad¬ 
vice. Whenever it is possible we think 
a fruit grower will lie repaid by using 
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