378 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
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BRASS 
CASTINGS 
AUTOMATIC 
BRASS 
NOZZLE 
THROWS 
LONG 
DISTANCE 
FINE MIST 
OR COARSE 
SPRAY 
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'SMITHS N 222 
, BANNER 
l Compressed Air Spray* bb 
jtoh, 
jUfrUE 
I. iHiixtunMH* j 
This is SOME Sprayer! 
Sprays trees, shrubs, potatoes and field crops 
for insects and fungus; sprays stables, pig 
and poultry pens and barn yards for lice, ver¬ 
min and for disinfecting 
Also useful for whitewashing stables, poultry 
houses and fences. 
It’s handy too, for washing windows, buggies 
and for spraying stock. 
SMITH 
N o 22 . 
COMPRESSED AIR SPRAYER 
Banner 
Heavy, 4-gallon galvanized steel or brass 
tank, strongly made. Easy to fill—by 
detaching pump. Pump is seamless brass, 
2 inches in diameter; nothing to rust, cor¬ 
rode or wear out. 
Handle easily locks into pump. A few strokes 
of pump and tank is filled with compressed 
air. Automatic, Brass, Non-cloggable Noz¬ 
zle throws long, fine mist or coarse spray. No 
waste. Easily operated by man, woman or 
child. 
This No. 22 Banner is built to stand rough, 
hard service. Be sure and ask for it by name. 
If your dealer cannot supply you, write 
D. B. SMITH & CO., Manufacturers 
50 Genesee St., UTICA, N. Y. 
On sale in New York City at No. 98 Chambers St. 
We make 50 different styles and sizes of spray¬ 
ers. If you are interested in smaller or larger 
sprayers send for catalog. 
WHITEWASHING 
POULTRY-HOUSES^ 
etc... • 
u '/ iii: 
ii > r 
• V - J 
Hill 
SPRAYING 
TREES 
SPRAYING VEGETABLES DISINFECTING STABLES 
- 1 , AI 
E VERY farm has or should have fruit 
trees. These must be sprayed to 
produce quality fruit. That’s a job for 
Auto-Spray No. I. It is operated by 
compressed air. When equipped with 
one or two extensions it drives a fog of 
spray into the top of good-sized fruit 
trees, drenching bark, fruit and foliage. 
The extra fruit will soon repay you. 
Used, too, for heading off blight and 
bugs in the garden and for disinfecting 
and whitewashing the henhouse, hog- 
The E. C. BROWN CO., 892 
house and dairy. A patented Non-Clog 
nozzle permits you to spray steadily 
without stopping or skipping. The 
Auto-Pop gives you absolute control 
of the spray with one hand. 
Auto-Spray No. 1 is a favorite of a 
famous line, including outfits for field, 
orchard and garden. A postal will bring 
you our illustrated catalog and helpful 
Spraying Guide prepared for us by 
Cornell University specialists. Ask 
your dealer for a demonstration. 
Maple Street, Rochester, N. Y, 
The Truth About Dusting Fruit 
(Continued from page 576) 
both duster and sprayer. The dust ia 
more expensive, but you gain so much 
time by using it that in many seasons of 
unsettled weather the ability to get over 
the orchard rapidly proves a great asset. 
We hear of people who say they can 
work just as rapidly with the sprayer 
as we can with the duster. They would 
be hopelessly lost in a rough, hilly or¬ 
chard like on!■ own. At the same time 
we would not attempt to produce per¬ 
fectly clean fruit with the duster alone, 
as we have some scale. 
Eastern Meeting New York Horticultural 
Society 
Part II 
Prof. I\ .T. Parrott, of the Geneva Sta¬ 
tion. said: “Among the important in¬ 
sect enemies of the apple there should he 
listed three species of small leaf hoppers. 
One of these feeds almost exclusively on 
tender terminal growth, causing marked 
curling of the foliage. It is especially de¬ 
structive in nursery plantings and young 
apple orchards. The injury produced by 
the other two species is quite different, 
as the affected leaves display a character¬ 
istic white stippling of the upper sur¬ 
faces. At the beginning of the attack 
these spots appear as isolated white 
points, most frequently along the midrib 
and outer edges of the leaves. As the 
severity of the attack increases the spots 
merge and the entire leaf becomes pallid 
and functionless. This injury was very 
marked during the past Summer, and in 
some orchards no doubt exerted an ad¬ 
verse influence on the vitality of the trees. 
The hoppers have the habit of constantly 
discharging droplets of liquid. In many 
orchards the discoloration of the fruit by 
these deposits was so great that the upper 
and exposed surfaces of the apples pre¬ 
sented a copperish hue. This spotting of 
the fruits, as well as of the leaves, is a 
characteristic indication of severe infesta¬ 
tion, and if not removed h.v rain may 
materially affect the appearance of the 
crop. 
“For bearing orchards experimental 
data are needed establishing the practical 
value of spraying and the conditions un¬ 
der which the operations should be under¬ 
taken to secure results against the leaf 
hoppers commensurate with the outlay for 
labor and materials. Moreover, until this 
year, injuries by the leaf hoppers in the 
Station orchard have not been important 
enough to have appreciably influenced 
crop production. If the insects continue 
superabundant the suggestion is offered 
that growers spray as directed for red- 
bugs. using nicotine sulphate m the pink 
and calyx sprays. The nymphs, espe¬ 
cially in the earlier stages, are very sus¬ 
ceptible to tobacco preparations, but in 
order to reach them in the greatest num¬ 
bers special pains should he exercised to 
coat the undersides of the leaves with the 
spraying mixture. 
“Tt seems desirable to call attention to 
the fact that during the past Summer in 
Niagara, Orleans and Ontario counties 
especially, the work of the San Jost* was 
again evident in some orchards, and spot¬ 
ting of apples lias been conspicuous 
enough to attract the attention of coin¬ 
mission men. The infestation of fruits 
as judged h.v samples was not usually of 
serious extent, 'but the rejuvenation of 
the scale is certainly a warning that it 
is not extinct and cannot safely he ig¬ 
nored. If appreciable development of the 
post is noted, especially in orchards of 
large trees, lime-sulphur at the rate of 
one to eight should bo applied, or. if one 
of the dry substitutes is selected, care 
should be exercised that enough of the 
material is used to make an effective 
spray. 
“It is desirable to direct once more the 
attention of fruit growers to calcium ar¬ 
senate. In spite of its cheapness and 
compatibility with lime-sulphur, its use 
for the treatment of fruit trees still seems 
to be questionable. Tn our experiments 
during the past three years calcium ar¬ 
senate lias proven equally as effective as 
lead arsenate for controlling codling moth, 
and when used with extra amounts of 
lime it has generally proven about as 
safe, although in several instances there 
has been conspicuous burning of the 
leaves. The fact that calcium arsenate 
varies considerably in its chemical and 
physical properties, requiring special pre¬ 
cautions with respect to its employment, 
deters most official workers from giving 
the arsenical an unqualified recommenda¬ 
tion for orchard operations. Tt is self- 
evident that until manufacturers perfect 
their methods and the arsenical becomes 
standardized, growers can hardly afford 
to use the material, since needed chemical 
assistance is not readily available. In 
spite of the formation of sludge, arsenate 
of lead is, therefore, given preference for 
orchard spraying. As pointed out last 
year, calcium arsenate has proven an 
efficient and economical poison for. pota¬ 
toes, and doubtless will he used in in¬ 
March 5, l'.mt 
creasing quantities for this purpose. 
“During recent months considerable in¬ 
terest has boon manifest by growers of 
this State in the merits of para-dichloro- 
benzine for controlling the peach borer. 
Attention has been directed to this ma¬ 
terial largely through the efforts of the 
Federal Bureau of Entomology, which 
lias for several years been conducting a 
series of experiments with various vola¬ 
tile toxic compounds applied to the soil 
at the base of the tree. Of the substances 
tested, para-diehlorobenzine has proven 
the most promising, it being reported to 
have proved quite effective over a wide 
range of varying conditions. On account 
of the importance of the borer and the 
serious difficulties that are experienced in 
attempting to control it by existing meth¬ 
ods, encouragement should be given to all 
efforts which have as their object the 
establishment of economical and effective 
control measures. 
“Following the publication of the ex¬ 
periments of the u. S. Bureau of Ento¬ 
mology, Dr. A1 vah Peterson, of the New 
Jersey Experiment Station, undertook 
similar tests, with equally encouraging re¬ 
sults. Me states that if para-dichloro- 
benzine is properly applied it will kill 90 
per cent or more of the borers, and in a 
number of experiments there was 100 per¬ 
cent control. The gas, it appears, is par¬ 
ticularly destructive to young worms. 
“Para-diehlorobenzine is a white, cry¬ 
stalline solid, insoluble in water, and 
vaporizes slowly at ordinary tempera- 
lures. The gas given off is much heavier 
than air. and its odor resembles that of 
naphthalene. T\ hile non-poisonous to 
man. it is toxic to insects when they are 
exposed to the gas for a considerable 
period of iinie. The price for the mate¬ 
rial ranges from 15 to .‘TO cents per pound, 
depending upon the amount purchased. 
1 lie total c >st of treatment (including 
labor i. six-year-old trees (or older), aver¬ 
ages between .*! and 4 cents per tree. 
“Before making an application all 
weeds, grass and leaves are removed 
about the base of the trunk, forming a 
smooth, clear area 0 to 8 in. wide at soil 
level. The chemical, at the rate of three- 
fourths ounce, or. an ounce per tree, is 
distributed evenly in a narrow band about 
the trunk. The hand should 1 h> about 1 
in. in width, the center of the band being 
2 in. from the hark of the tree. No crys¬ 
tals should he closer than 1 in. from the 
tree Injury may occur if the material 
is placed against the tree. After the 
application several shovels of earth are 
placed over the crystals, and the earth is 
then firmly compacted by the back of the 
shovel to form a cone-shaped pile. In 
.New Jersey the best time to apply the 
material appears to be the last week in 
August or early September. Future ex¬ 
periment's will doubtless suggest some 
modifications in present directions. Prom¬ 
ising as are the reports of the control 
measure, it. is desirable to call attention 
to the experimental status of this treat¬ 
ment. and to the lack of data as to its 
value under our conditions. Growers 
especially interested in this subject should 
obtain a copy of Bulletin No. 790, United 
States Department of Agriculture. 
I' or several years there has been con¬ 
siderable discussion relative to the shed¬ 
ding of apples as a result of applying 
spraying mixtures. The statements of 
certain observers relative to the unfavor¬ 
able influence of sprays on apple yields 
suggested the desirability of experiments 
to detenu ini* the effects of spraying on 
the setting of apples in this State. Tn 
the Station experiments lime-sulphur was 
used at the rate of one to 40, und to every 
100 gallons lbs. of powdered arsenate 
of lead was added. In some instances 
calcium arsenate was used at the rate of 
2 lbs. to every 100 gallons. The formula 
for Bordeaux mixture was 0 lbs. copper 
sulphate, ti lbs. lime and 3 lbs. powdered 
arsenate of lead to 100 gallons of water. 
The dusting mixture (90-10 formula) 
was applied at the rate of 5 lbs. per tree. 
Four applications of each were made: 
(1) pink; (2) calyx; (3) 14 days; and 
(4) midsummer treatment during early 
August. Following the third application 
the apples in several series were tagged 
in order that they might be closely ob¬ 
served during the growing period, in all 
experiments a spray-gun was used, and 
spraying mixtures were applied at the 
rate of 10 to 15 gallons per tree at each 
treatment. At irregular intervals follow¬ 
ing the setting of the fruits counts were 
made of the dropped apples. There was 
very little injury to the foliage by the 
treatments, and infection 'by scab and 
codling moth was not important. Dur¬ 
ing both 1019 and 1020 it did not appear 
that any of the treatments produced ap¬ 
preciable premature shedding of fruit. As 
a matter of fact, during both seasons the 
trees bore too many apples, and if hand¬ 
thinning were practicable the orchard 
would doubtless have been benefited h.v 
the removal of a goodly percentage of the 
crop. The data show slight differences in 
the extent of dropping of fruits in the 
different plots, but these do not appear 
to be significant, and may be found to 
be within the range of experimental er¬ 
ror. Certainly in the tagged series Bor¬ 
deaux mixture did not prove to be safer 
than lime sulphur, and likewise the results 
in the Station Rome orchard do not display 
significant advantages for this treatment. 
Tf any of the foregoing mixtures do really 
exert an important adverse influence on 
fruit yields these experiments suggest 
that premature shedding of apples will 
probably he more in evidence with trees 
that are suffering from attacks of foliage 
by parasitic agents or have been weak¬ 
ened by other causes.” G. B. s. 
■as spraying 
^Explains 20 uses for Sprayers on the average 
J farm. Tells how and when to spray fruit trees, 
* vines, potatoes, flowers, shrubs, plants. How 
to kill tree insects, save lawns, spray animals, 
disinfect premises, put out fires, clean floors, 
spray paint, whitewash, remove old wall paper 
~ k and many other uses. Write for this 
r KEE Book today. 
\V\f 
& 
HUDSON 
Crop Saving SPRAYERS 
, Spray better—do more work. 
09 ) 
^ w w _ The Hudson No. 31 Ideal 
l Outfit develops higher pressure than other wheel-barrow 
sprayers. Note pressure tar k. No need to pump con- 
stantly. Easy for one man to handle. This outfit is espe¬ 
cially adapted for spraying medium-size orchards 
• and vineyards, for whitewashing and spray mg 
animals. Write for the Free Book and Hudson 
Catalog Today. 
HUDSON MANUFACTURING CO. 
;# 819 Minneapolis, Minr*. 
Dept, 
