390 
March 5, 1921 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Chess for Live Stock 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Will you please advise as to what is 
best to feed chess to? I have about 50 
bushels screened from my wheat. . Is 
there any feed value in it? I have oats, 
barley and corn I could mix with it. It 
would be fed to horses, 
cows, 
pigs or 
chickens. 
E. W. 
New York. 
Chess or cheat seed, 
the 
material 
screened out from wheat, has about the 
same feeding value as oats. One hundred 
pounds of the ground product yields 70.2 
lbs. of digestible nutrients. Material of 
this character, carrying relatively high 
percentage of fiber, would be best suited 
in feeding dairy cows, or possibly horses. 
It should not be incorporated in rations 
intended for pigs. 
If utilized for feeding dairy cows a 
ration consisting of 250 lbs. chess, 250 
lbs. corn, 200 lbs. cottonseed meal. 150 
lbs. gluten meal, 100 lbs. barley and ;>0 
lbs. linseed meal would give average re¬ 
sults. For horses a ration consisting of 
100 lbs. chess, 100 lbs. bran. 200 lbs. corn 
and 25 lbs. oilmeal would be satisfactory. 
I do not know whether chess is palat¬ 
able for poultry or not, but if mixed with 
cracked corn and whole wheat in a 
scratch feed it. might 'be utilized. To ob¬ 
tain the best results of any screening 
product of this sort it should he ground 
rather finely. 
Ration with Alfalfa 
Will you give me a grain ration for 
cows, all the Alfalfa hay they can 
eat. the grain to be barley and oats or 
barley, oats and bran? They call it mill 
run. but I think they have run everything 
out but the bran. R. A. S. 
Oregon. 
It would scarcely be possible to pro¬ 
vide a well balanced ration for dairy cows 
in milk, utilizing only the grains you 
have mentioned. What is necessary is 
some concentrate such as cottonseed meal, 
oil meal or gluten meal in sufficient quan¬ 
tities to provide the necessary amount of 
digestible protein. While Alfalfa hay fed 
in such quantities as you suggest would 
provide sufficient protein for low-produc¬ 
ing cows, it is certain that maximum pro¬ 
duction could not be obtained without the 
use of an added concentrate. I would 
suggest the following proportions: Bar¬ 
ley, .300 lbs.; ground oats, 200 lbs.; white 
bran. 200 lbs.; gluten meal, 150 lbs.; 
cottonseed meal, lot) lbs.; linseed meal, 
50 lbs.; salt. 12 lbs. 
What you say about the bran is prob¬ 
ably correct, yet it is incorporated in this 
mixture primarily to provide mineral in¬ 
gredients and bulk in order that the com¬ 
bination may be safely fed to high-pro¬ 
ducing cows. No doubt the Alfalfa avail¬ 
able in your section is of the second or 
third cutting, and it would be well to feed 
the cows all that they would eat and 
clean up with relish twice daily of this 
legume. 
Feeding Cows and Hens in Persia 
3. Will you suggest a Winter ration 
for a cow, to be made up from the follow¬ 
ing materials which arc available in this 
country? Alfalfa hay. wheat straw, bai¬ 
ley straw, barley, cottonseed, cow peas, 
corn, wheat, beets, carrots, squash. Wheat 
would be in the form of flour or whole 
grains—no bran or middlings, because 
the Persians make only whole wheat 
flour. I might be able to add potatoes to 
the feed if they would be advisable, as 
they are likelv to be cheap this year. 
Would it be an advantage to cook the 
feed for the cow? The Persians feed 
their cows during the Winter on very 
little else but straw with a little Alfalfa 
hav mixed in. Some of them add 2 lbs. 
a day of barley flour, mixed into a paste 
with' water. A good average yield from 
a cow is a gallon and a half milk a day 
—probably somewhat less than this dur¬ 
ing the Winter, when there is no fresh 
food. . ,. . 
2. With the same grains mentioned 
above to choose from, how could I mix 
a good mash for poultry? Their scratch 
ration will consist of wheat siftings, the 
refuse after cleaning wheat to send it to 
the mill. This is now the only food used 
for poultry in this part of the country, 
and the hens do fairly well on it. Will 
it be better to cook the mash in the Win¬ 
ter. or to use it dry? The Winters here 
are very cold, with frequent zero weather, 
and it is difficult to get hens to lay. 
TIamadan, Persia. f - c - E - 
i It ought to be possible to provide a 
vm-v palatable daily ration for milk cows 
from the materials mentioned. Provided 
you have an abundance of Alfalfa hay 
there would be no advantage in utilizing 
either the wheat straw or the barley 
straw. The coarser products contain so 
much fiber and contribute so little in 
digestible nutrients that it is well to omit 
them from rations of high producing cows. 
As far as the carrots and squasffi are 
concerned, they likewise are of little 
value. Especially is this true where man¬ 
gel beets are available. The carrots and 
squash can be safely used as appetizers 
and would provide a varied succulence, 
but they contain such a high percentage 
of water that they actually yield very 
little digestible material. 
For grain I would suggest the following 
combination: Ground barley, 25 lbs.; 
cottonseed meal. 25 lbs.; cow peas, 15 
lbs.; cornmeal, 20 lbs.; ground wheat, 15 
lbs.; .salt, 2 lbs. The grain mixture 
should be fed in proportion to the daily 
production of milk, and a safe rule to 
follow provides for the feeding of 1 lb. 
of grain daily for each 3% lbs. of milk 
produced per day, or if it is possible to 
determine the butterfat yielded by the 
cow per day, then it is proper to feed as 
many pounds of grain per day as the cow' 
yields in butterfat per week. The mangel 
beets should be fed morning and evening, 
and should be chopped or sliced just pre¬ 
vious to feeding. They can be fed in 
amounts varying from 25 to 50 lbs. every 
day. 
As far as the Alfalfa hay and roughage 
is concerned, make sure that the cow is 
given all of the coarse fodder that she 
will clean up two or three times daily. 
Nothing would be gained by cooking the 
feed for cows in milk. Likewise nothing 
would be gained by moistening or soak¬ 
ing the feed. It might be well, however, 
to sprinkle the grain over the sliced 
feeds, and in this way each mess would 
be made more palatable. 
2. A useful mixture for a dry mash 
which is to be kept before the birds at 
all times would consist of the following: 
10 lbs. wheat bran. 10 lbs. wheat mid¬ 
dlings, 10 lbs. ground oats, 5 lbs. corn- 
meal, 10 lbs. meat scrap, 10 lbs. Alfalfa 
meal. This is to be supplemented with a 
scratch feed consisting of whole wheat 
and cracked corn. If it is impossible to 
secure the wheat products, then the bar¬ 
ley products can be substituted, but it is 
necessary that some animal protein ob¬ 
tained either from meat scraps or skim- 
milk be incorporated in the mixture. 
Balancing a Ration 
I have corn on cob, wheat, buckwheat, 
oats and rye: also silage and clover hay. 
Would you tell me what to buy and mix 
with these feeds fof a balanced ration 
for a herd of grade Jerseys? W. T. I. 
Greene Co., N. Y. 
Using the feeds which you have men¬ 
tioned as a basis for a balanced ration. I 
would suggest that you add oilmeal and 
cottonseed meal. A mixture consisting 
of 300 lbs. corn and cob meal, 100 lbs. 
wheat, 100 lbs. buckwheat, 100 lbs. oats, 
100 lbs. rye, 100 lbs. oilmeal and 100 lbs. 
cottonseed meal should make a .satisfac¬ 
tory grain ration. It should be fed at 
the rate of 3 lb. of grain to 3 lbs. of 
milk produced by your cows daily. 
j. w. B. 
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