412 
‘Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 5, 11*21 
' 
You can raise 
more chicks 
Unless you use H-0 STEAM- 
COOKED CHICK FEED you 
are losing many chicks that 
could be saved. 
Raw, musty, indigestible feed 
kills millions of chicks every 
season. 
You can save your chicks by 
feeding them 
H-0 
STEAM-COOKED 
CHICK FEED 
It is a scientific combination of 
selected grains cut to pin-point fine¬ 
ness and steam-cooked by our exclu¬ 
sive process. Steam-cooking makes 
it digestible, and prevents the 
deterioration that takes place in raw 
grains. 
It saves the lives of baby chicks and 
supplies them with the needed bone 
and muscle building elements; they 
mature more rapidly and attain a 
larger size. 
Read What Successful Breeders Say 
Clarks Mills, Pa. 
Nov. 12, 1920 
I raised 1,000 baby chicks last 
season on H-O STEAM-COOKED 
CHICK FEED and did not lose one 
chick from bowel trouble. It is the 
best chick feed that I have ever 
used. 
(Signed) J. J. Gravatt 
H-O STEAM- 
COOKED 
CHICK FEED 
is packed in 
handy five- 
pound packages 
durable, space¬ 
saving and just 
the right size to 
feed. Also put 
up in the usual 
size bags, 100, 
50,25 and 10 lbs. 
Insist on H-O STEAM-COOKED 
CHEEK FEED and get the profits 
from live chicks. 
Write for free sample, prices 
and descriptive folder 
The H-0 Cereal Co., Inc. 
Feed Department BUFFALO, N. Y. 
Hartford, Conn., Office 
J. J. Campbell, Mgr., P. O. Drawer, 1436 
$| C95 Buys 140 Egg-Champion 
19 Belle City Incubator 
Hot-Water, Copper Tank, Double 
Walls Fibre Board, Self - Regulated 
Safety Lamp, Deep Nursery. With 
$9.95 Hot-Water 140-Chick $OQ95 
Brooder — Both for only C 
Express Prepaid 
East of Rockies and allowed to points West.. 
this Guaranteed Hatching Outfit and my 
Book for setting up and operating, your suc- 
assured. Save time—Order now—Share in my 
$1000 in Prizes 
Or write for Fraa Poultry Book, 
'‘Hatching Facts." Jim Rohan, Pres. 
Belle City Incubator Co. 
Box 48 ftaclne, Wls. 
If Ordered Together. Freight Paid 
_ east of Rockies. Hot wa¬ 
ter copper tanks, double walls, 
dead air space, double glass 1 
doors, all set up complete, or 
180 Egg Incubator and Brooder $23.50 
FREE Catalogue describing them. Send 
it TODAY or order direct. ( 9 ) 
for i 
I—Wisconsin Incubator Co.. Box 102 Racine. Wis.- 1 
MAKE HENS LAY ' 
more eggs; larger, more vigorous chicks! 
heavier fowls, by feeding cut bone. 
B11IIIPC LATEST MODEL 
IflAIM O BONE CUTTER 
_. _ cuts fast, easy, fine; never clogs. 
10 Days’Free Trial. No money In advance. Book free. 
F.W. MANN CO.. Box 15 MILFORD.MASS, ■ 
The Henyard 
The Effect of Artificial Illumination 
Changed Environment.- —The data 
for this article was obtained while spend¬ 
ing several days at the Poultry Depart¬ 
ment, Cornell University, from the expe¬ 
rience of several poultrymen in my own 
locality who are successfully using arti¬ 
ficial lights in large poultry plants, and 
my own experience in installing lights 
for a 1 . 000 -hen plant. I find quite a 
general belief that lengthening the day¬ 
light in Winter artificially to increase 
egg production is unnatural to domestic 
fowls and detrimental to the vitality of 
the birds. Those who have studied the 
natural history of the domesticated birds 
—or hens—tell us their natural habitat 
is near the equator, where the days and 
nights are nearly the same length ; that 
under such conditions they would lay eggs 
any time of the year when in condition 
for laying eggs. When the hen is kept in 
a locality having cold, short days she is 
out of her natural environment. Under 
ordinary conditions she consumes in M in¬ 
ter only sufficient food for body mainte¬ 
nance. When the short, cold days come, 
if a hen has developed eggs ready to lay, 
she ceases to perform the egg-laying func¬ 
tion and hibernates until the longer days, 
when she can eat the surplus of food 
needed above body maintenance to develop 
and lay the eggs in her body. I think 
many have had fully matured pullets late 
in the Fall that would lay a few eggs. 
When the shorter days come, they would 
almost cease to lay until the longer days 
in Spring, when more daylight in which 
to consume food would have swung them 
over to profitable egg production. 
Methods of Lighting. —Methods of 
artificial illumination, stated in the order 
of desirability, are as follows: Electric¬ 
ity, acetylene gas, gasoline and kerosene. 
Electric lights, rightly installed, can be 
considered entirely safe. They can be 
switched on at any time by automatic de¬ 
vices. If the poultryman wishes to sleep 
until daylight on a cold Winter morning 
the alarm clock, or other device, will 
switch on the lights at four o’clock and 
warm the drinking water. The disadvan¬ 
tages of acetylene gas are that it is not 
considered absolutely safe and the lights 
must be turned on by hand. When it is 
1 used in several houses iu a large poultry 
1 plant the poultryman would have to get 
up early in the morning and g<> to all 
houses and turn on the lights. The first 
cost of installing a plant is nearly as 
great as a private electric plant, and the 
work and operating cost is more. Tt is 
quite practical to use gasolene and kero¬ 
sene for lighting the poultry-houses, but 
there are the same objections to them 
as to acetylene—more danger from fire 
and more labor than with electricity. 
Some dairy farmers are using them suc¬ 
cessfully. ' The lamps are lighted when 
they get. up early to do chores and again 
when they do chores in the evening. It 
is more convenient for them to light their 
houses both morning and evening, for 
they attend to them when doing the 
dairy chores. 
Length or Daylight.- —T learned at 
Cornell University that in experiments to 
determine the length of daylight the one 
that gave the best results was 1 f! hours. 
With a 13-hour day they could easily get 
50 per cent egg production during the 
shortest Winter days. With a 16-hour 
day some poultrymen have run the pro¬ 
duction up to 70 per cent, but the strain 
was too great for the birds and less eggs 
were obtained during the whole Winter 
season than with a 13-hour day. The 
vigor of the birds was not maintained 
with a longer day in the experiments men¬ 
tioned. With electric lighting it has been 
found the better way is to turn the lights 
on at four o'clock in the morning, and 
not. light the house at night, as in this 
way the hens go to roost in a natural 
twilight and save the trouble of making 
an artificial twilight, as should he done 
when lights are used in the evening. 
An Electric System.— In ray large 
laying house I have 3.000 square feet of 
floors lighted hv electricity taken from a 
power plant which lights the village in 
which I live. It is all outside wiring, 
with a cable in which is inclosed the two 
wires which make the circuit. The lights 
are approximately It* feet apart each 
way. and to light the spaces 20 -watt 
lights are used, placed about four feet 
from the flooi. Over each light is a shade, 
or reflector, 15 inches in diameter. Tt is 
slightly cone-shaped, and is made of tin 
covered with porcelain. They can he ob¬ 
tained from electric fixtures supply compa¬ 
nies. The hennery is connected with the 
dwelling house, which is lighted by elec¬ 
tricity. Iu a room in the house where 
all the circuits center is an alarm clock, 
which switches on the lights in the hen 
nery. A farmer near the village in which 
T live has a similar system for electric 
lighting, but the current is furnished by 
a private plant that generates electricity 
with an engine that uses kerosene oil for 
fuel. 
Good Birds Needed. —To make arti¬ 
ficial illumination a good proposition one 
should have well-grown and matured pul¬ 
lets in November. 1 would not want to 
invest in artificial lighting if I had only 
old hens and late pullets. Old hens kept 
for breeding should not be put under 
lights, except whep one wants to get eggs 
for hatching early in March; then one 
would want to use lights on them the 
last week in February. Old hens that 
have rested two or three months, and 
have fully feathered out and put on flesh, 
that one does not want to breed from, or 
keep more than a year or two longer, may 
he put under lights. If the stock is only 
ordinary, it is better to sell it the same 
year wbec does not longer make any 
profit. If the lights were not too expen¬ 
sive it might pay to use them with mod¬ 
eration to hasten the growth of immature 
pullets, or the bringing up of old hens 
that had stopped laying in the Fall to a 
laying condition. 
Feeding. —One cannot get the best re¬ 
sults from artificial illumination without 
a right method of feeding, or one may say 
special feeding. The best thing to do is 
to follow in the main the formulas fur¬ 
nished by the poultry departments of the 
State colleges of agriculture and experi¬ 
ment stations. One may vary these some¬ 
what to use cheaper grains, or in the 
cildest Winter weather. The idea one 
should get in mind is to have hens of the 
egg-laying type, and of the strongest 
vigor, fully fed. The highest vitality and 
the best feeding are required to enable 
hens to stand up well under the strain of 
large egg production in cold weather. 
When the hens get off the perch to eat at 
four o’clock on a cold morning there must 
he unfrozen water to drink and food to 
oat. If these are not provided it would 
be better not to got them up until day¬ 
light. Just 'before dark, when the hens 
are on the perches, one can throw down 
the morning scratch grains and cover 
thorn with litter. An electric‘bulb incased 
with tin. placed in the drinking water, 
will warm the water. Green food should 
be provided ; everything the hens need to 
make eggs and for the body regulator. 
Housing. —Having good laying stock 
rightly fed. next is the question of shel¬ 
ter or housing. I have found that the 
birds will stand a cold temperature and 
lay well if it is not low enough to freeze 
the combs. Most houses should be pro¬ 
vided with curtains that can be let. down 
in front of the perches on the extreme 
cold nights. The south sides of my lay¬ 
ing-houses are tilled in with glass and 
muslin, and the opening is regulated to 
suit the weather, but the houses are never 
entirely closed. I like to have the house 
so warm all the time that the drinking 
water does not freeze hard. Pure, dry 
air is a sourCo of vigor for the birds. 
Results of Illumination. — Last 
about the results of artificial illumination 
that have come under my observation. 
Not far from my place are some poultry 
plants that have used artificial illumina¬ 
tion for two years. The owner of one is a 
farmer who has this 1 \ inter close to 1.000 
laying hens. Last Winter he had 500. I 
have his accounts with the 500 liens for 
December and January last^ "Winter, 
which were unusually cold. They show 
a net profit of a little more than $500 for 
the two months. The hens continued to 
lay well during the Spring months, but 
he had somewhat lower egg production 
during the Summer months than in years 
when he had not used artificial lights in 
Winter, lie was sure that by making so 
many eggs in "Winter the net receipts he 
received for his eggs for the season were 
increased 50 per cent. Chickens hatched 
from eggs laid by liens that were under 
lights all Winter were weak and did not 
grow well. This farmer used acetylene 
gas last Winter. He discarded it for a 
private electric plant he is using this 
Winter. The results with 1.000 hens 
have been equally satisfactory this Win¬ 
ter. and lie is much better pleased with 
electric lighting. One farmer told me 
that for several years he had grown sev¬ 
eral hundred pullets that were ready to 
lay in late Fall. They would start lay¬ 
ing and then stop, and lay only a few 
eggs until the longer days in Spring. The 
pullets seemed to stay right, on a balance 
all Winter, as T have before stated, and 
more daylight in which, to eat more food 
would have swung them over to profitable 
egg prodticti »n. This farmer put in r* 
private electric lighting plant at a cost 
of about $800 for all the equipment, ami 
he found lie had egg production under al¬ 
most complete control. He once raised 
it, to 70 per cent in January by making 
a 10-hour day. but found that a 13-hour 
day and 50 per cent production got the 
best results for the whole egg-laying sea¬ 
son. and that ordinary hens could not 
stand up long under the strain of the 10 - 
hour day in cold weather. 
The conclusions seem to be that arti¬ 
ficial illumination rightly used with a 
vigorous type of fully fed liens can safely 
increase net receipts of eggs for the sea¬ 
son at least 50 per rent by obtaining a 
larger production when the prices are the 
highest in late Fall and early Winter, 
and that on weak, poorly-fed stock one 
cannot expect results that would justify 
the investment in a lighting plant—that 
it is a source of increased profits, or ruin 
to a flock, depending on whether it is? 
rightly or wrongly used. 
W. H. JENKINS. 
BROODER HEATER 
Equal to five Kerosene Heaters 
MORE EFFICIENT 
than 
A COAL HEATER 
CAPACITY 
250 
CHICKS 
PRICE-COMPLETE 
$ 11.50 
Saves Time, Labor. Feed 
and Fuel. 
Write for Catalog 
TREMAN, KING & CO. 
Dept. B ITHACA. N. Y. 
Backyard Beekeeping 
You like honey—everyone does—kids and 
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back yard, garden or orchard. We’ll tell 
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The Root Way Pays 
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Write us today. 
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY 
292 Main Street Med ina, Ohio 
2F 
Chick 
Manna 
Raises ’Em 
Baby chicks, turkeys, pheasants, etc. m 
a natural nourishing lood for the first 
days. Feed them J<\ P. C\ Cinch Manna 
Watch them thrive and grow. It contains 
natural elements and prevents the killing 
bowel trouble caused by pasty mixtures 
end grams they cannot yet digest. Endorsed 
by successful poultrymen since 18B4. 
Get it from your dealer or write 
direct to us. .Satisfaction guar¬ 
anteed or money refunded. 
F. P. CASSEL’S SON 
Box 501 
Lansdale, Pa, 
ERC. 
n 
Incubator & Brooder 
both are made of 
California Redwood. 
Incubator covered with 
asbestos and galvanized 
iron; triple walls.cop- _ 
I per tank,nursery .egg tester.ther- 
mometer. 3C days' trial— money back 
if not O.K. Write for FREE catalog.' 
Ironclad Incubator Co. Box89 Racine. Wis. 
Detroit 
140-Egg Size — Guaranteed — has 
double walls, copper tank, full-size 
nursery, automatic regulation 
thermometer held so that chicks 
cannot break it when hatching. 
Detroit Brooders, • too. Double 
walled, hot water heated. Write for 
special low price on both machines. 
Detroit Incubator Co. 
*45 
Dent. 31 
Merritt St., Detroit, Michi 
IT a t c h i n g E g g s 
Barron's S. C. AV. Leghorns - $lO per lOO 
Shepperd’s S. C. Auconas - 12 per lOO 
Telman's White Rocks - 15 per lOO 
Bn by chicks and stock for sale. 
CLARABEN COURT FARM. H Gold. Supt.. Roslyn. L I N Y. 
Choice Pure Bred Poultry 
Chickens. Ducks. Geese. Turkeys, Guinea Pigs and 
Dogs. Price list free. Fine Illustrated and Descrip¬ 
tive ( at.-ilog Ule. Art Desk Calendar 10c.. or both for 
15 cents, Post paid. EDWIN A. SOUDER. Sellersville. Pa. 
Rpftpr TTtilifv bab\ chickens 
r>eiier utility hatching eggs 
11. ROCKS S.O.R.I.KKDS S.C. ANCONAS 
Chickens 30c up. prepaid. Mating list free. 
HILLSIDE FARM - So. Kast.on, Mass. 
Coi l; & StvahT Builders of BETTER UTILITY 
HatchingEggs P ,r,iiM aeons 
and Light, Brahmas. WM per setting. 
Mrs-E. Aurnhammer, P.O.BoxNo.3, Smiths Mills, N. Y. 
BigSturdy Baby Chicks 
Wyandotte-. Ringlet Barred Rocks. Eglantine White Leg¬ 
horns. Anemias. S. C. Reds. Catalogue free. Chicks Eeb. 
15tll every week. SUNNYSI0E POULTRY FARM, Copper Hill, N. J. 
White Leghorn o a l v d Chicks and HatchingEggs 
from our carefully bred utility strain. We offer ‘-t.OOO or 
more chicks after April 15th. Ask for price list 
Jiroud lli-ook Farm • Bedford Bills, N.Y. 
