(! .O"*' 
Eastern Meeting of the New York Hor¬ 
ticultural Society 
Part III 
"For a number of years the Geneva 
Station lias directed attention to the 
merits of the delayed dormant applica¬ 
tion of lime-sulphur and nicotine sulphate 
for the control of the rosy aphis. During 
the past Summer the insect was very de¬ 
structive in many orchards in Western 
New York, especially * in Orleans and 
Niagara counties. In most plantings the 
extraordinary abundance of apples masked 
to some extent the destructive work of 
the aphis, since growers were able to 
harvest large yields in spite of a high 
percentage of culls. On the other hand, 
the existence of many fruits on a tree 
did not always insure a reasonable yield 
of marketable apples, since the infesta¬ 
tion of certain orchards was so severe 
that hardly an apple on some trees was 
of normal shape, color or size. As a mat¬ 
ter of fact, some orchards were brought 
to our attention which were so badly 
damaged that none of the fruit was mar¬ 
ketable. 
"The occurrence of the pest in destruc¬ 
tive numbers afforded us an opportunity, 
which we have for some time desired, of 
determining the extent of protection af¬ 
forded by the delayed dormant treatment 
during years when the rosy aphis was 
superabundant. For this reason special 
interest is attached to the results of the 
co-operative experiments which have been 
under way during the past five years. In 
1020 11 orchards were sprayed, five in 
Niagara County and six in Orleans 
County. With the exception of one or¬ 
chard the rosy aphis appeared in de¬ 
structive numbers in all the plantings 
and caused severe injuries to unsprayed 
trees. In two of the orchards much dam¬ 
age was done in spite of the spraying, 
which was chiefly due to a short lead of 
hose, although high winds contributed in 
part to the poor results. 
"Thorough applications of lime-sul¬ 
phur and nicotine sulphate afford a large 
measure of protection against the rosy 
aphis, that much is certain. In spraying 
the chief difficulty of the orchardist is 
to hit tin' majority of the insects. There's 
the rub! Fortunately this problem is not 
beyond solution. It can be largely solved 
by the timely application of spraying 
materials and thorough distribution on 
affected trees through energetic and skill¬ 
ful manipulation of the spray-gun. 
“Experiments were designed to ascer¬ 
tain the effectiveness. of dusting mixtures 
on a number of common sucking insects. 
The objects which we hoped to attain, 
and which we succeeded in obtaining in 
part, were: Data on the susceptibility 
of various insects to dusting preparations 
with definite ratios of nicotine; some 
knowledge of the efficiency of dusting for 
the control of certain species under field 
conditions, and information as to the im¬ 
portance of accessory factors in the ef¬ 
fectiveness of dusting operations. 
"The following species of insects were 
used in the experiments: The green ap¬ 
ple aphis, the rosy aphis, the apple leaf 
hoppers, the apple redbug, the pear 
psylla, the currant aphis, the four-lined 
leaf bug and the potato aphis. The dust¬ 
ing preparations were applied with hand 
dusters, hand blowers or orchard power 
outfits. A mixture of superfine sulphur. 
!ff) per cent, and powdered arsenate of 
lead. 10 per cent, was the carrier of the 
nicotine. In many of the experiments 
provision was also made for applications 
of liquid insecticides at standard 
strengths. 
“Dusting mixtures containing nicotine 
were toxic to aphids, redbug. leaf hoppers 
of the apple, the currant aphis and four- 
lined plant bug. The degree of suscepti¬ 
bility to dusting preparations varied with 
different species. Mixtures with H per 
cent nicotine were fatal to the apple 
aphis and redbug and to the currant 
aphis. Preparations at this strength also 
reduced nymphs of the four-lined plant 
bug to a state of inactivity, although the 
insects ultimately recovered with few 
fatalities. Dusting with mixtures con¬ 
taining 2 per cent nicotine was fatal to 
the nymphs. Mixtures containing less 
than 2 per cent nicotine gave very poor 
control of the potato aphis. The nymphs 
of the pear psylla displayed considerable 
resistance to preparations containing 
from £> to 2 per cent nicotine. Mixtures 
with per cent nicotine destroyed only a 
small percentage of hibernating adults, 
and preparations with 1 per cent nieotin ' 
were less effective than spraying mix¬ 
tures composed of nicotine sulphate and 
soap in the usual proportions. 
“Our experiments show clearly that, 
while dusting has possibilities, it is not 
wise with our present knowledge and ex¬ 
perience to encourage too great expecta¬ 
tions as to the practicability of combating 
common sucking insects by this system of 
treatment. Growers who possess dusting 
machinery and do not consider present 
prices for contact insecticides prohibitive 
might well conduct an experiment against 
the apple redbug. To attempt very large 
operations against other species of suck¬ 
ing insects would expose the grower to 
the risk of great expenditures for mate¬ 
rials and large losses in fruit yields 
through inefficient control.” G. R. 8. 
V>t RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
- 429 
Western Electric 
Power G'Light 
Makes The Battery Last Longer 
Running the milking 
machine—one of the 
many pieces of farm 
machinery you can oper¬ 
ate from the pulley on 
the Western Electric 
Outfit. 
Why you should buy 
Western Electric 
Power & Li fill t 
1. It is an extra powerful Outfit. 
2. It has a pulley that enables 
you to use your outfit as a 
powerful engine, either separ¬ 
ately or at the same time you 
charge the battery. 
3. All parts are easy to get at. 
d. The engine runs on kerosene. 
3 . The “tapering charge” makes 
the battery last longer. 
Ask a nearby Western Electric 
dealer about this dependable outfit 
Western 
Electric distributors in this territory 
National Dairy Equipment Co. 
Utica, N. Y. 
C. U. DeVoe 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Perry L. Young 
Green, N. Y. 
Amos Barnes 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
Farmers Light & Power Co. 
Delhi, N. Y. 
Farmers' Service Co. 
Middletown, N. Y. 
Rusterhollz Electric Co. 
Erie, Pa. 
Bernett Service 
Sussex, N. J. 
Theodore M. Guenther & Sons, 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
D. G. Babcock, 
Lake Huntington, N. Y. 
D. & F. Engineering Co. 
Ogdcnsburg, N. Y. 
Smith Electric Co. 
Bound Brook, N. J. 
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(16) 
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