The Proposed New Game Laws 
At the hearing on March 0. there was little real 
opposition to the hills, as amended, but in order that 
all may be heard, another hearing will be held on 
March 16. 
If these bills are passed, applications for licenses 
must be made in the district where the applicant 
resides, and he must produce certificates of char¬ 
acter signed by two reputable citizens of the district 
in which the application is made.. In cities of the 
first, second and third class the application must lie 
open for 24 hours, and if objected to. the applicant 
must tile a certificate of character signed by a magis¬ 
trate of the district. No resident alien can obtain a 
shooting license. This provision does not relate to 
non-resident aliens, as it was feared that Canada 
might enact retaliatory measures. 
If*a person is convicted of violating the game laws 
or damaging farm property he cannot get another 
license for three years. 
One of the most important provisions puts the re¬ 
sponsibility for the prosecution of trespassers on the 
State, which shares with the owner of the lands the 
tine imposed. One-half of the penalty, which for 
trespass is $50. flat, goes to the owner of the land 
or of the shooting or fishing rights over it. The 
penalty for injury to fences, etc., is also a flat fine 
of $50. one-half of which is payable to the owner, 
plus an additional tine equal to the damage done, 
all of which goes to the owner. 
The posting law is radically changed, and notices 
posted are good for one year, and sportsmen in the 
future will destroy them at their peril. Each fol¬ 
lowing year during the months of July. August and 
September, destroyed or illegible signs may be re¬ 
newed and again are good for another year. 
Under the proposed amendments the crime con¬ 
sists of either disturbing or taking game or going 
upon the posted property with a rod. gun or any 
instrument or means by which fish or game may he 
disturbed or taken. This makes convictions certain, 
as it will be no longer necessary to prove the pur¬ 
poses of a trespasser win has a fishing rod or gun 
in his possession. 
The military police, game inspectors and all peace 
officers are specifically directed to arrest and prose¬ 
cute all violators in the name of the State. Here¬ 
after the farmer who is the real sufferer will re¬ 
ceive one-half of the tine, and a fine equal to all 
damage done on his premises. 
The amendments also provide that landowners 
may sell the male pheasants killed on their land in 
accordance with regulations which will be estab¬ 
lished by tbe commissioner. b. 
R. N.-Y.—The truth is these amendments were 
frankly advanced in the committee to prevent putting 
Albany officials in a “hole” rather than for full pro¬ 
tection to farmers. The chief issue arose over "post¬ 
ing" the farm. Farmers demanded a law compelling 
any hunter to show a written per mit from the land- 
owner. The hunters have succeeded in cutting this 
provision out. The one fundamental principle in 
this proposition is that the farm and all he produces 
on it. belongs to the farmer, and there is no more 
reason why his protection should be contingent on 
a "warning sign” to keep out any more than the city 
man requires a sign to keep trespassers out of the 
house, the factory or the garden. Sportsmen wanted 
the “posting” provision because they know it nulli¬ 
fies the rest of the law. It was not politically de¬ 
sirable to put prominent officials in a position where 
they had to decide between farmers and sportsmen, 
and so the farm interest was sacrificed. We fail to 
understand how representative farmers can consent 
to the contention that sportsmen have a right in 
their fa rms. 
The Farm Bureau Birthday 
On March 22 there will be a meeting at Bingham¬ 
ton. New York, to celebrate the beginning of our 
modern system of Farm Bureaus. It is expected 
that among other speakers John It. Howard, presi¬ 
dent of the National Farm Bureau Association, will 
be present. On March 20. 1911. the first of the 
modern Farm Bureau Agents started work in Broome 
Bounty. New York. From that modest, beginning the 
system has grown until there are now 1.170 agents 
in the country. These agents cover 1.127 of 1.590 
counties in this country. There are also State Fed¬ 
erations. and these are united into a national organi¬ 
zation. The original Broome Bounty Bureau came 
to life as a result of the Roosevelt Country Life 
Commission. Tt seems to have been organized 
originally by a combination of the <5range, the Bing¬ 
hamton Chamber of Bommeree and the railroads. It 
was first proposed to establish a model farm, but after 
some discussion, this plan was abandoned, and in 
place of the model farm it was proposed to hire some 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
trained and experienced man who could serve as 
leader. They found that man in John 11. Barron 
who is now professor of farm crops in the New 
York Agricultural College. That was really the 
beginning of our modern Farm Bureau system, and 
the meeting at Binghamton will be somewhat in the 
nature of a jubilee to celebrate this event. 
Corn Prices and Freight Rates 
On Friday and Saturday of last week I drove from 
Sullivan County to Peekskill and had occasion to 
make inquiries regarding grain prices on the way. At 
Neversink. eight miles from railroad, corn was quoted 
in 100 lb. lot at $1.65; Pine Bush. $1.90; Newburgh, 
$2.67 ,2 ,„ ($1.50 per bn.); Beacon (across river), 
$2.11 2 ; ($1.20 per bu.) ; Cold Spring, $2; and Peekskill, 
$2.15. The margin of profit runnitfg from a little over 
15 % at Neversink including the haul to nearly 87% 
at Newburgh. a. n. rcixis. 
New York. 
II. N.-Y.—Thus in a ride of something over 100 
miles Mr. Ellis found a difference of more than one 
dollar in price of 100 pounds of corn, while at. the 
same time farmers in the West were securing about 
50 cents per bushel. At present freight, rates if 
takes about one bushel of corn to carry another 
bushel from the grain fields to tbe sea board! 
The following note is from a manufacturer in 
New York City: 
We had several carloads of corn to sell from one 
farm in Delaware. I sold one car for 80c delivered 
to a customer only 67 miles away, i had been errone¬ 
ously informed that '.he freight would he 8c or 9c per 
bushel, and as a matter of fact, the freight was $121 
for 700 bushels, or 17c per bushel, so that the corn netted 
us 68c. I have no idea what the freight from Iowa 
would be, 2.000 miles away, if it cost me 17c per 
bushel to deliver it 68 miles away. We had several 
onloads to sell, but are getting rid of it locally at 
75c a bushel. 
I believe that the 40% increase in freight last 
August to a very great degree is responsible for trade 
depression. 11 has curtailed business for the farmer 
and has curtailed the business for the manufacturer. 
A recent tariff has reached us raising the freight from 
New York to Memphis. Tenn.. which is our outlet to 
southwestern territory, from 85c per cwt. in August 
1920 to $1.85 on March 1st.—an increase of 117%. 
1 certainly hope that someone with a vision will take 
hold of some of these problems. 1 am quite sure that, 
you do not realize that in a shipment from Hackensack. 
N. .T. to Buenos Aires, the freight from Hackensack to 
New York would be 24c per cwt. and the freight from 
New York to Buenos Aires would he 86c per cwt. 
This is certainly a hard blow to American efficiency. 
Violation of a Milk Contract 
East fall our creamery shut down for about two 
weeks, refusing to take any milk. The farmers have 
been selling to them with the agreement not to sell any 
of it elsewhere. We had to utilize our milk at home 
the best we could for the two weeks. A few days ago 
the creamery sent out word for us to deliver them only 
half our milk. This lasted four days. Would it he 
compulsory for them to pay us for our milk in these 
(lush times, the same as when they are accepting all? 
Sullivan Co., N. Y. c. F,. 
Tf your agreement provided, as of course it should, 
that the buyer take all the milk as well as that the 
producer must deliver it all. then the buyer is 
under obligation to accept the milk and to pay for 
it all. lie violates bis contract In refusing to take 
it. If lie refuses, then the only remedy would be to 
sue him for damages on the contract. Since he 
violated tlie contract, tlie producers would be justi¬ 
fied in refusing to comply with it further if it is to 
their interest to make other arrangements. Even if 
there is no special contract dealers who have been 
receiving milk regularly are expected to accept all 
the milk and pay League prices. If they refuse to 
do so. tlie local League branch should take it up 
with tiie organization. These milk dealers will take 
advantages when they can. When milk becomes scarce, 
and farmers could sell at a better price, the same 
dealer would intake a terrible howl if they quit him 
and sold elsewhere. We always advise respect for 
contracts; but we want the rule to work both ways. 
The Farm Game Laws Again 
What right has the State to issue a license to any 
person to invade private property or to take there¬ 
from anything? This is just the construction of the 
lawless loafers from country or city who will not work 
or give anything of value to the farmer for the privilege 
of hunting on his premises. They maintain they have 
a licence from the State to take game anywhere they 
can find it. They intimidate the farmer, as they have 
tried to intimidate the writer, finding four with guns 
and two dogs on my premises. When asked to stop 
and show their license they absolutely refused and 
aimed their guns at me. and said they would shoot me 
if 1 shot their dogs, which I ordered them to call in. 
I knew none of them, so reported to the sheriff when 
he arrived. T referred him to my neighbor, as he gave 
them permission on his farm. lie found out who they 
were and turned the matter over to the game constable, 
and the result is nothing was done to them. Next 
company coming along one of them expressed regret 
that the war was over. I asked him why. “So that I 
could shoot off the like of you.” 
'Pile next four gunners had one dog. They were from 
Rochester. I could only get a look at one license. I 
told them they would best walk over with me to the 
justice of the peace across the road. When they got 
on the road they told me to go to h-. and jumped 
into their auto. All of this and more in one day. An¬ 
other man told me he would break every hone in my 
body if T did not quit interfering (driving him from my 
473 
property). I tried to get a warrant for his arrest, but 
the justice would not issue one because he was a had 
man and might take revenge on me! Those instances 
stated are of daily occurrence on every hunting day in 
pheasant season. They consider the game laws a huge 
joke, limiting the bag to three birds in a season. It is 
three birds on each open day. it means to them. 
Now there are no laws that can be enacted which 
can control that class of men. It should i*> a $100 
bond to keep the peace and carry a gun, with the 
handing over of their licenses to a justice. The 
same rule should apply to a licensed automobile made 
use of in stealing, or it might be tried to issue licenses 
only to a man owning 50 acres. My farm has been 
posted with legal notices for years. It does no good ; 
gives no protection whatever. Those vagabonds gather 
the fruit into piles, with the intention of returning 
alter dark for it. the same if they shoot, a pheasant 
hen. I have large orchards, and keep a number of cats 
to hunt mice, and they get into the traps sot around 
my place and so become useless. 
Who is going to enforce any law enacted? The 
farmers cannot do it. Some State officers must be com¬ 
pelled to do it. not if they please, but must. There are 
several cases pending here, but not tried. As I told 
the deputy sheriff, it was their business to bring to jus- 
ticc and punish those people. 
Where the house-flies pass the Winter is in the crev¬ 
ices of the chimneys; very comfortable. You can sug¬ 
gest the sulphur remedy. p. R. 
Canandaigua, N. Y. 
Some Problems in Co-operation Manu¬ 
facturing 
Why can we not manufacture our wool into blankets 
and cloth and thus secure a reasonable price for it? 
This question has been asked by farmers who belong to 
wool growers’ associations, and interest in the subject 
has been greatly stimulated by rumors and press reports 
giving meager accounts of how groups of wool growers 
lice and there have worked out arrangements with some 
mill for making up some of their wools. “But.” you 
will say. "if I belong to a co-operative association the 
chief object of which is to market wool, why should not 
this same agency undertake to manufacture a part of 
this wool and give me a chance to buy back some of the 
products?” 
l.et. us consider for a moment some of the different 
angles that focus on this subject. It is very manifest 
that the wools are available, thousands of pounds of 
wool carefully graded and ready for the manufacturer, 
and that the value of these wools is very low—15 to 80c 
Per lb. It is also perfectly apparent that if one tries to 
purchase a woolen blanket at retail it will cost from 
$1- to $16. The manufacturing cost of such a blanket 
even at the present high rates for labor, is about $4. ami 
the amount of grease wool required to make a 4-lb 
blanket is approximately 8 lbs. Tf this is three-eighths 
blood wool it is worth about 25c per lb., or $2. Why. 
then, should f nor be able to purchase this blanket for 
sa.v around $8? 
There is really no good reason why anyone should 
not be able to buy a wool blanket today for somewhere 
near this figure, provided someone else will assume the 
responsibilities for all of the details. Here are some 
of these details: First, the manufacturer will probably 
not wish to undertake to manufacture the wool into 
blankets for the farmer until lie has been given definite 
assurance that he will receive the costs incident to 
manufacturing. Who will guarantee these costs? Sec¬ 
ond. how are the officers of a co-operative association to 
be assured that after being manufactured the blankets 
can be sold to advantage, unless they have previously 
been ordered, and that these orders will be honored? 
Certainly a co-operative association should not specu¬ 
late extensively. But. with definite orders in sufficient 
numbers the officers of a co-operative association might 
then be justified in perfecting arrangements with a mill 
owner for the manufacture of some staple woolen ar¬ 
ticles. to be in turn returned to the wool grower or sold 
to any customer. 
It is a real problem to know whether the average 
consumer really desires to benefit through co-operative 
action. Wp have been so long accustomed to receiving 
service that many of us have forgotten that if we are to 
benefit from co-operative action each must assume some 
of the responsibilities and risks that have been carried 
b.v the middlemen, speculators and other who gave ser 
vice because they were permitted to exact enough from 
the deal to reward them for their labors and risks that 
the service entailed. 
rtf course if the wool growers desire to organize a 
stock company and go into the co-operative manufactur¬ 
ing of their product into staple woolen goods there is 
nothing to prevent their doing so, and there would ap¬ 
pear to be greater merit in some scheme of this kind 
than in some more temporary undertaking for the same 
object. 
All arguments aside, it certainly seems a pity that at, 
such a time as this there is no easy way by which a 
wool grower or a group of them can have their wools 
made up into articles of clothing. When we want this 
service badly enough we will get busy and get it, but 
until that state of mind exists T expect that we will con¬ 
tinue to pay the prices charged by those who give us the 
service, be these prices fair or exorbitant. Meanwhile, 
for the sake of argument, and because there is little 
proof to the contrary, it is safe to say that the consum 
ers—even the farmer consumers—prefer to pay the cus¬ 
tomary charges rather than go to the trouble of antici¬ 
pating their future needs and entering into agreements 
of assurance that may be used by their co-operatives to 
go ahead and do business on a business basis. 
F. E. ROBERTSON. 
Those Cheap New York Apples 
rtn page 881 F. O. Taylor seems to doubt that apples 
in New York State rotted on the ground last Fall. If 
he will come to Oswego I will give him a short vide and 
show him thousands of bushels now on the ground, 
frozen. I will get affidavits for him from men who sold 
and from men who purchased thousands of bushels at 
five cents per bushel, delivered. Also, the apples were 
as good as grew last season. 
The writer has hundreds of bushels of first-grade 
fruit in cold storage now in Philadelphia, where he 
expects they will remain so long as they will pay 
storage charges. Some pears on which returns have 
been received brought 18 cents per bushel. Returns 
from some apples sold brought less than 18 cents per 
bushel. The writer’s last shipment of fruit to New 
York was so long on the road that, not a cent was 
received for fruit or packages. Says I to myself; “I’ll 
never go there any more.” JOHN philltps. 
Oswego Co., N. Y. 
