‘Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
A Primer of Economics 
(Continued from page 495) 
ket in Paris affords a good suggestion for 
tiie management of our terminal markets. 
There should be licensed inspectors to 
certify to the quality of the goods and 
public weighers to give certificates of 
weights. Salesmen should be men of good 
character and good record, licensed and 
bonded to make accurate and prompt re¬ 
turns to shippers. Co-operative salesmen 
should have preference of space. All sales 
should be open and all records of sales 
public. No secrecy should be permitted. 
Sales and deliveries should be made di¬ 
rect as possible to the retail storekeeper. 
Auction sales should be permitted 
when conditions are warranted. 
In the absence of terminal markets 
co-operative exchange must provide ware¬ 
houses suited to their needs. One large, 
well-organized, clean and orderly co-oper¬ 
ative warehouse and salesroom would be a 
valuable asset, and it is imperatively 
needed. It would pay handsomely from 
the day it opened. It used to be said 
that the dealers controlled the market, 
and that they would defeat any such at¬ 
tempt by farmers to market their own 
products in this market. The Depart¬ 
ment of Foods and Markets forever dis¬ 
proved that theory in 1915 and 1916. 
With only a little personal capital, and 
only improvised facilities and no organi¬ 
zation of producers, it received in indi¬ 
vidual shipments and sold' ifor shippers 
$1,000,000 worth of farm products, the 
first year. These shipments consisted of 
everything from a deacon skin to a. car¬ 
load of wheat. Some of the sales were 
by auction and some bv private sale. At 
the time the work was terminated the 
department was the largest receiver of 
fresh eggs in the city, and continuously 
led the market in prices for them, forc¬ 
ing up the published quotations and ad¬ 
vancing prices for all. Its work stopped 
the cartage charges on apples that we 
sold on the docks, and established a sell¬ 
ing commission of five per cent on all 
farm products. It has since gone back' 
to 1ft per cent. It has been repeatedly 
stated by one of the prominent apple 
growers of the section that one sale in the 
Hudson River Valley was worth $25,000 
to the neighborhood. The sales certainly 
established a higher level of prices for 
apples that year, and the shippers to the 
department in the city as a rule reported 
better prices than they received at the 
same time from the old commission houses. 
The sale of all the milk in the New York 
territory by the department on a six 
months’ contract in October, 1916, was 
exclusive of the above record. This sale 
amounted to substantially $40,000,000. 
Its success also depended on improvised 
temporary city wholesale milk depots, and 
it is believed that modern city plants 
with proper equipment are essential again 
to break the monopoly of the city milk 
trust. 
The work of the department was only a 
beginning, under trying difficulties, of what 
was expected to be a valuable and perma¬ 
nent service in the development of co¬ 
operative selling. The intrigue that led 
t<> its termination was a crime against 
the farm interests of the State. The need 
of it was apparent from the volume of 
shipments direct from the farms, and 
the success of it was clearly indicated in 
bitter opposition of the dealers. It paid 
its way and turned a net balance of sub¬ 
stantially $.‘>.000 into the State treasury, 
II all proved that neither the produce 
dealers nor the milk dealers could prevent 
the direct sale of produce or milk in the 
city, provided the farm representative 
controlled the goods and had facilities to 
market them. The experience is an en¬ 
couragement for co-operative exchanges, 
and an indication of their possibilities in 
the metropolitan market. 
Maintaining Flavor in Cider-making 
I was interested in your article by <5. 
F.. on page 342. I take it that he puts 
his pomace in cider cloths to press. It is 
ni.v opinion that he did not press every 
day, and that was the cause of the scum 
on top, etc. By not making cider every 
day. or every other day. il would be nec¬ 
essary to clean thoroughly both press and 
cloths, especially in warm weather. I 
think he would have no more trouble. 
\\ hat 1 would like to know is how the 
sand filter is made, and whether white 
sand or ordinary building sand is used. 
New York. chas. ai’leod. 
Farm Hauling Enters a New Era 
T ODAY progressive farmers are plac¬ 
ing old farming methods on trial. 
Value must be proved or the old must go. 
In these times of high costs the wastes of 
oast years must fall by the wayside. 
In the search for economies, the aiways- 
important work of farm hauling is being 
rigorously revised. On many farms, Inter¬ 
national Motor Truck haulage has already 
ushered in a new era of energetic move¬ 
ment—of time- and work-saving efficiency. 
By this transportation short-cut, stock 
is marketed in less time and with less 
shrinkage — crops are hauled when prices 
are right — supplies are delivered promptly 
when needed—hard-hauling jobs are made 
easy and long trips short. 
The fact that International Motor Trucks 
are the product of a concern that has a 
broad-as-agriculture reputation for fair 
dealing, good value, and the production of 
dependable labor-saving farm equipment, 
should be ample assurance that these 
trucks will in all cases provide low-cost 
hauling service. 
The sizes range from ^' ton to 3^-tons 
capacities and there is a style of body for 
every hauling requirement. 
International Harvester Company 
of America 
CHICAGO (incorporated) USA 
92 BRANCH HOUSES IN THE UNITED STATES 
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c 
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ENGINE 
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Write for illustrated Cata¬ 
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Box lb Easton, Pa.. 
Ditches 
Terraces 
Prevent crop 
failure. Re¬ 
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Get my intro¬ 
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NOW?*' 1 THIS 2 H-P. O 
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