660 
It* RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April oU, j;»_i 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Feeding Problems in New Mexico 
We have here quantities of Alfalfa, ac¬ 
knowledged to be among the best that 
is grown anywhere in this country, and 
more new acreage being planted every 
year. We have cotton growing here, the 
seed of which can be pressed, producing 
the valuable cottonseed cake; corn can be 
had from near-by points at a less price 
than we can grow it; these three feeds 
combine a fattening ration par excellence. 
We have on our near-by ranges thousands 
upon thousands of all kinds of cattle and 
sheep. Bringing this feeding material 
and the live stock together into a feeding 
industry by the establishment of a grind¬ 
ing mill and feeding pens not only prom¬ 
ises very profitable returns to the cash 
investor! live stock owner and farmer, 
but it solves also a great economic prob¬ 
lem in that it eaves much waste and great 
loss in the marketing of this feed stuff, 
and live stock on the hoof to remote and 
distant markets. A Kansas mill owner 
is ready to transplant one of his mills to 
this point; we own ourselves 100 acres in 
the midst of the Alfalfa-growing terri- 
torv. and fronting on the Santa Fe Bail- 
roaVl affords a splendid site for the mill 
and a feeding station or yards. We be¬ 
lieve we can arrange under a co-operative 
plan to get farmers to deliver hay loose 
to the milling and feeding company at a 
cost not to exceed $0 per ton for all 
grades. Grinding the hay, which is the 
big .end in the ration, costs very little per 
ton’; a ration of approximately 20 lbs. 
hay. 5 lbs. corn and 5 lbs. cottonseed cake 
daily, we believe, from information _ ob¬ 
tained. will practically double the weight 
of cattle in five to six months, and sheep 
in proportion. 
From this outline you see we have here 
everything, even the climate, which is far 
superior to northern and eastern points, 
but we have not got the necessary capital, 
andl cannot i-aise it locally because of the 
depressed financial conditions, our bank 
loans lining full to the limit to merchants, 
livestock owners and farmers. Under the 
circumstances, we would like to avail 
ourselves of your generous offer to help 
ug to establish this industry by asking 
you to find us a man with the requisite 
capital, especially one who has practical 
knowledge of live stock and the. feeding 
proposition. A start with the mill could 
be made with $15,000, and possibly 
a little more for the equipment of feeding 
pens, feed storage, etc. This industry 
is limited only up to the number of tons 
of Alfalfa growing in this valley under 
the Government irrigation project, and 
never-failing crops; eventually also it is 
a practical possibility of establishing here 
slaughtering and packing-houses with 
their many by-products. Hay harvesting 
will start here next month, and. as freight 
rates are practically prohibitive in its 
shipment, it is desirable to get this indus¬ 
try under way at the earliest possible 
time. B - 
Carlsbad, N. M. 
The conditions described clearly indi¬ 
cate that live stock production should 
play an important part in the agricultural 
activities of this section. It is evident 
that the land will produce an abundance 
of pasture grass, and this quality alone is 
the basic foundation for successful animal 
husbandry. If in addition areas are 
available that will produce Alfalfa abun¬ 
dantly. then we have two requisites that 
stockmen ought to delight in. A grazing 
season that extends over a large propor¬ 
tion of the season is an added advantage, 
for perhaps the most expensive step in 
live stock farming in the northeast sec¬ 
tion of this country involves the feeding 
of the animals and providing shelter for 
them during the Winter months. It 
would not be necessary to grow the ani¬ 
mals to maturity or finish in this section, 
for they could be sold as feeders to the 
corn-beit farmer, who has plenty of corn 
to feed then; out and finish them for the 
stockyards market. 
It is not essential that the Alfalfa be 
ground to a meal. Live stock relish Al¬ 
falfa hay in its natural stage, and do well 
on it alone, particularly during their 
early growing and development stage. 
Particularly is this true if they are per¬ 
mitted to forage on pastures that yield 
Blue grass and other palatable grasses. 
While it is possible to increase the daily 
consumption of Alfalfa through the use 
of meal, it is neither necessary nor prac¬ 
tical for farm conditions. On the other 
hand, if Alfalfa meal is the main cron, 
and it is your purpose to merchandise 
this product and distribute it into live¬ 
stock or dairy sections, then the choicest 
Alfalfa hay should be ground into meal. 
This inquiry is but representative of a 
general feeling of unrest and appeal that 
the Western farmer is making. Exor¬ 
bitant freight rates are staggering his 
business and closing his usual outlet to 
markets. If one should undertake to ship 
Alfalfa meal from Lamar, Colo., to Chi¬ 
cago points, the actual expenditure in 
freight alone would be greater than the 
original cost of the Alfalfa hay, plus the 
cost of hauling, grinding, bagging and in¬ 
cluding the miller’s and distributor’s 
profit. Should this same shipment of hay 
be extended in transit to Pennsylvania 
points and be distributed to dairymen the 
final user would find that 75 per cent of 
the final cost of this product would be 
absorbed in freight charges. Manifestly 
it does a great injustice to both the pro¬ 
ducer and the consumer, and if we are 
to base our conclusions on existing con¬ 
ditions, we could but state that the rail¬ 
roads are cheating themselves out of enor¬ 
mous revenues, since this conditions has 
practically stopped traffic in Alfalfa meal. 
One operator who handles Alfalfa meal 
exclusively paid in freight last year from 
a small station more than $S5,000 on 
Alfalfa meal. This year he has paid ex¬ 
actly $366. What is the answer? Sim¬ 
ply this: The Eastern ranch man and 
Alfalfa grower will of necessity be driven 
into livestock fanning. The Western 
farmer and dairyman will of necessity 
have to engage in the growing of more 
roughages and more grains, since he can¬ 
not afford to pay the freight on the prod¬ 
ucts, let alone pay for the products them¬ 
selves. Agricultural practices must be 
modified to meet the existing conditions, 
and our correspondent has stated his case 
so clearly that we are inclined to believe 
his ideas are conclusive and constructive, 
and that someone ought to volunteer the 
help sought. 
Certified Milk Production; Feeds 
1. Will you give me full specifications 
and requirements for producing Grade A 
milk? 2. What improvement can you 
suggest on the following grain ration for 
dairy cows? 100 lbs. cotton hulls and 
cottonseed meal, 100 lbs. dairy feed, 100 
lbs. cottonseed meal, 100 lbs. ground oats, 
200 lbs. ground corn and cob meal, 30 lbs. 
corn silage per cow per day ; corn fodder 
night and morning; clover hay at noon. 
Parksburg, Ya. j. A. K. 
1. The requirements for Grade A milk 
vary somewhat in different States, and 
frequently are modified in different com¬ 
munities. No doubt Fred. Rasmussen, 
Secretary of the State Department of Ag¬ 
riculture at Harrisburg, would be glad to 
give you the rules and regulations as they 
apply to the production of certified or 
Grade A milk in your State. In a general 
way the first stipulation is that the herd be 
tuberculin tested or an accredited one, 
which means that it is free from reactors, 
and then it must be regularly subjected to 
the tuberculin test at least once, and 
possibly twice each year. It is also neces¬ 
sary that all reacting animals be removed 
from the premises. Likewise, it is re¬ 
quired that Grade A milk shall not con¬ 
tain more than 10,000 bacteria per C. 
(centimeter). The cows must bo main¬ 
tained in barns believed to be sanitary 
and healthful and the utensils must be 
subjected to a thorough cleaning, and in 
most instances complete sterilization. The 
milk must be cooled very promptly after 
being drawn, and maintained at low tem¬ 
peratures. Again, it must be marketed 
within a given length of time after being 
milked. Local boards of health frequently 
impose inspection that embodies these 
principles and other details, and frequent¬ 
ly the producer is subjected to annoy¬ 
ances that are quite as ridiculous as they 
are uncalled for. The one great disad¬ 
vantage in the production of certified milk 
is the fact that some other agency runs 
one’s business, hence he never knows 
whether he has his right foot on the 
ground or his left foot in a hole. Medical 
men, who have no farm experience, are 
inclined to impose stipulations that are 
impractical ami almost impossible of exe¬ 
cution, and it frequently happens that in¬ 
spectors suggest modifications in buildings 
and daily practices that are not prompted 
by either experience or common sense. 
Clean milk from healthy cows, merchan¬ 
dised in sanitary equipment is fundamen¬ 
tal. The user is entitled to such precau¬ 
tions as a safeguard against infection and 
disease. Nevertheless a great many of 
the prevailing rules and regulations are 
silly and confusing, and cannot help but 
discourage and disgust the practical dairy¬ 
man who knows his business from experi¬ 
ence and has reached his present efficiency 
as a result of hard knocks and costly ex¬ 
perience. 
2. In answering your second question, 
let me suggest at the outset that it is 
what a feed does, rather than what it is, 
that determines its real value. The cow, 
rather than the chemist, is the best judge 
of quality in feeds. If the ration that you 
are feeding gives profitable results, con¬ 
tinue its use. I am confident that it is a 
useful mixture, although I am sure that 
there is nothing to be gained by using a 
cottonseed hull product that yields only 
17 per cent of protein. The other ingre¬ 
dients are highly nutritious. You might 
approximately increase the amount of 
compounded feed used in the mixture, as 
this will add to the variety and pala- 
tibility of the daily ration. I would also 
suggest that you let the animals have all 
of the clover hay that they will eat once 
or twice daily, for it is my belief and ex¬ 
perience that a sufficiency of some pal¬ 
atable grain mixture must go hand in 
hand if the best results are to be achieved. 
Use 50 per cent of ready-mixed feeds and 
50 per cent of your home-mixed rations. 
Ration for Guernsey Cows 
Will you give me a ration for Guern¬ 
sey cows? They are giving around four 
and five gallons a day. I have cotton¬ 
seed, oats and corn and can get bran, 
but would like to use as much corn as I 
can. This is corn and cob meal. Which 
is the cheaper, oats or bran, to use 
with it? I have corn fodder and Al¬ 
falfa ; have no silage. Would you alter 
ration when on pasture? L». a. b. 
Virginia. 
Of course your Summer ration must 
be different from that fed during the 
Winter months. Pasture grass in itself 
constitutes a fairly complete ration, but 
cows will lose in flesh and fail to yield 
their maximum production if their daily 
ration is confined to grass, even though it 
be luxuriant and abundant. Green grass 
provides an abundance of calcium and 
mineral necessities that are easily as¬ 
similated and that cannot be successfully 
incorporated into mixtures and assimi¬ 
lated during the Winter feeding season. 
Hence it is believed that cows must store 
up in their systems during the Summer 
months certain mineral constituents that 
are released during the Winter months. 
Since you have Alfalfa hay, corn fod¬ 
der and some mixed' hay, you are well 
fixed as far as roughage is concerned. At 
present market prices, oats are cheaper 
than bran, although I am sure that a 
breeding herd should always have some 
bran or middlings incorporated in their 
grain mixtures, especially during the 
Winter months. It seems to me that 
your wants would be best supplied if you 
were to buy one of the high grades of 
compounded feeds and let this constitute 
about 50 per cent of your grain mixture. 
Use 500 lbs. of your selected compounded 
feed and add 200 lbs. of cornmeal, 150 lbs. 
of oats and 150 lbs. of cottonseed meal. 
If you prefer a shovel mixture entirely a 
mixture consisting of 300 lbs. of corn- 
meal, 200 lbs. of oats, 200 lbs. of bran, 200 
lbs. of gluten meal, 150 lbs. of cottonseed 
meal, 100 lbs. oilmeal, 20 lbs. salt. The 
advantage in the first suggestion is due to 
the fact that you have a greater variety, a 
more complete mixture and a more palat¬ 
able daily ration. Feed 1 lb. of grain for 
every 3^ lbs of milk produced per day 
per cow, and in addition provide the ani¬ 
mals with all of the roughage that they 
will clean up with relish. If you should 
confine your ration to the four products 
identified they had best be mixed in the 
following proportions : 500 lbs. corn and 
cob meal, 300 lbs. ground oats, 200 lbs. 
bran, 300 lbs. of cottonseed meal, 15 
lbs. salt, 200 lbs. gluten meal. When it 
comes to turning your animals out to 
pasture then I should use largely corn- 
meal and cottonseed! meal, using five 
parts of corn and two parts of cotton¬ 
seed meal. For the dry cows I would 
use a mixture consisting of equal parts of 
cornmeal, ground oats, wheat bran and 
linseed meal. 
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like what you’ve got?” Dad : “How on 
earth do I know? Why do you ask such 
a question?” Johnny: “Well, our Sun¬ 
day school teacher says the Lord gave 
Moses two tablets.” —Toronto Farmers’ 
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