680 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 7, 1921 
Suited to Many Orchard Jobs 
ASIDE from the important job of orchard 
cultivation, Case 10-18 and 15-27 II. P. 
Kerosene Tractors demonstrate their great 
value to fruit growers in other ways. On the job 
of spraying, for instance, if you have a big orchard 
to cover and you are rushed for time, one of these 
tractors will pull a big-capacity power sprayer 
steadily, without stop, regardless of how hot the 
weather may be. 
In some localities or- 
chardists also find their 
Case Tractors a great 
help in clearing land 
and preparing the 
ground for young trees. 
For the jobs of uproot¬ 
ing stumps and big 
bowlders, pulling up old 
hedges, etc., the sturdy construction and ample 
reserve power of Case Tractors make them 
especially valuable. 
The four-cylinder, valve-in-head, kerosene-burn¬ 
ing Case motor is mounted crosswise on a twist- 
proof frame, which permits the use of all cut-steel 
gears, enclosed and running in lubricant, for de¬ 
livering the engine’s power to the drive wheels. 
Because of this de- * 
sign and construction 
from 65 to 70% of JzLast 
the motor’s power is ^ 
available at the draw- 
bar. The belt pulley J 
being mounted 
directly on the crank¬ 
shaft insures full 
power delivery on 
belt jobs such as operating large-capacity cider press, 
feed grinder, etc. The compact design of Case Kerosene 
Tractors and their flexibility of control enables operator 
to work close to trees when cultivating. 
While you are considering the matter of applying tractor 
power to your orchard operations, write for our catalog 
descriptive of Case Kerosene Tractors , Grand Detour 
Orchard Plows and Disc Harrows. 
J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company 
Dept. E27 Racine, Wisconsin 
70 Branch Houses and 8000 Dealers 
1 I %JMX wP 
NOTE: Jl e want the public to know that our plows and harrows arc NOT the Case 
plows and harrows made by the J. I. Cast Plow Works Co. 
BUY 
PLAYSUITS 
DIRECT FROM 
FACTORY 
I" or boys and girls—Stand- 
all Playsuits cover them all 
over—a rough and ready 
garment for the wear and 
tear of a full day’s play. 
We guarantee every garment 
against ripping and imper¬ 
fections. Save money by 
buying direct from factory. 
We manufacture overalls 
for grown-ups, too. Send 
for samples of material and 
complete catalog with prices 
and measurement blanks. 
Standish & Alden, Inc 
Box 677, Dept. 109 
HAVERHILL, MASS. 
When you write advertisers mention 
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get 
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See 
guarantee editorial page. 
SAVE All Your Grain 
Don't wait for the custom thresher. Do your 
threshing when the grain is light and get the 
full return from your labor. 
The Ellis Champion Thresher and Cleaner 
equipped with self feeder and wind stacker makes 
the ideal small outfit. 
if you have only a very little threshing to do. or small 
power, we can supply you with a machine without 
self feeder or wind stacker ami at a price that 
will make your purchase a real investment. 
Just give us the site of your engine and the amount of grain 
usually raised and we’i! submit a proposition on a machine 
that will be just the one for your work. 
ELLIS KEYSTONE AGRICULTURAL WORKS 
Pottstown - Pennsylvania 
Things To Think About 
The object of this department is to give readers a chance to express themselves on farm, 
matters. Not long articles can he used—just short, pointed opinions or suggestions. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER does not always endorse what is printed here. You might 
call this a mental safety valve. 
Farmers and the Depression 
In “Hope Farm Notes.” on page 534, 
speaking of present business depression, 
j you. say: “What we are going through 
now had to come as a result of the war.” 
Hut why. pray, did it have to come? It 
seems to be coneeded on all sides that a 
“read’ustment” was necessary, that busi¬ 
ness had to “get _back to normal,” etc., 
but why? Of course, when some millions 
of producers, who have been engaged in 
the work of destruction, again return to 
producing, and when the entire energies 
of the nation are released from the tense¬ 
ness of providing food and munitions for 
the army of destroyers, a readjustment 
follows, but why should this mean de-' 
pression? Would not rather a renewal 
of activity be indicated in producing 
those necessities that had been neglected 
during the war? It is said that, such an 
experience has followed every war, but 
is this strictly accurate? Following the 
Spanish War business was especially ac¬ 
tive for half a dozen years, and after the 
Civil War industrial activity was un¬ 
abated for eight years, when the panic of 
1873 struck the country like a bolt out 
of a clear sky. Recurring periods of 
prosperity and depression are experi¬ 
enced without any intervening war. 
A peculiar and somewhat suspicious 
circumstance just at present is the fact 
that heretofore under similar circum¬ 
stances the depression is experienced in 
all lines of business, while at present 
farming interests alone are the ones to 
fee] the stress, while prices of all other 
products remained fixed until the inability 
of farmers to buy caused a curtailment 
of purchases, and even then the effect 
was a slowing down of production rather 
than a lowering of prices in these other 
lines. 
lias the fact that farmers have noth¬ 
ing to say in making prices anything to 
do with the “necessity” of this present 
“readjustment”? Who fixes the prices 
of farm produets, anyway? We are told 
that the law of supply and demand gov¬ 
erns prices, but who is it. that interprets 
this decree in its relation to farm prod¬ 
ucts. and have we the assurance that the 
arbiters are entirely disinterested and 
unbiased in making the determinations? 
Is it not the fact that these prices are 
made by a set of men whose pecuniary 
interests are involved? What is there in 
the accumulation -of stocks that would 
seem to justify such radical reductions 
all along the line in agricultural prod¬ 
ucts? If makers of farm implements and 
automobiles had as little to say in the 
matter of price-making as farmers, and 
"ramblers on the Chicago Board of Trade 
were now manipulating the prices of those 
machines next July, as they are the price 
of wheat, is it not reasonable to expect 
the prices of autos and farm implements 
would take a decided tumble? And 
would people attribute that drop to the 
influence of the war? 
Of course, we understand that prices 
of farm produce are not made alone by 
the boards of trade, but others who fix 
them are not noted as philanthropists. 
Their own personal interests are their 
very first consideration If fanners had 
been in position to make their own prices, 
as is done in the ease of all other pro¬ 
ducers. there is no reason to suppose there 
would have been any such radical decline 
in these prices alone as a .result of the 
war. And until farmers are wise enough 
to assume this prerogative, they must 
expect, all manner of buncoing. 
Michigan. EDWARD HUTCHINS. 
Game Law Revision Needed 
I am very much in sympathy with the 
many articles recently published in The 
R. N.-Y. and other papers advocating 
amendments to the game laws to dispense 
with or at least modify the posting re¬ 
quirements as applying to private proper¬ 
ty. There should he some drastic meas¬ 
ure passed by our Legislature to protect 
property owners from illegal hunters. 
During the two weeks prior to the open¬ 
ing of the deer season in this county our 
roads were overrun with hunters in autos 
day and night, looking for game, both 
large and small. Cars were left by the 
roadside far from villages, and equally 
far from the game protectors, of which 
there are two in this county (Sullivan). 
Neither animal life nor private property 
is respected, and the license to hunt seems 
to give them undisputed rights to every 
property. 
Why should I be required to post and 
keep posted yearly at considerable expense 
a tract of nearly 4,000 acres of land and 
water for my protection, any more than 
the city owner should place a trespass 
notice on his house and lot? Why are 
the taxpayers compelled to support two 
game protectors in this county at an an¬ 
nual expense of over .$3,000? There are 
no State parks nor open hunting ground 
in this county. Nearly every acre of wild 
land and every farm, south of the New¬ 
burgh and Cohoeton turnpike, which 56 
the deer section, has been posted and re¬ 
stricted for years. Game protectors do 
not assume nor will they protect private 
property, and their only function appears 
to be to let owners make the ease for 
them, and they will prosecute with the 
usual amplified notice in the county pa¬ 
pers. to the disgust of evervone familiar 
with the facts. 
The State assumes ownership of all fish 
and quadrupeds on all property. Why 
should not the State also post and 
protect all property requiring such protec¬ 
tion. or amend our game laws, requiring 
anybody first to obtain the written con¬ 
sent from the owner, and further make it 
compulsory for a justice of the peace to 
impose a heavy penalty for such offence 
and also revoke the hunter’s license. The 
posting of such property as I own. prob¬ 
ably 10 miles or more around, is simply 
an expense and farce, as everyone knows 
that the first impulse of a Certain class of 
hunters is to shoot down or destroy any 
trespass notice on sight. h. g' m 
Sullivan Go.. N. Y. 
One Side of the Hunting Law 
In all your arguments for a law requir¬ 
ing a hunter to have a written permit 
from the landowner, you lose sight of the 
fact that if a man cannot arrest a tres¬ 
passer under the present law. he couldn’t 
under any law. Passing the permit law 
would simply mean that the law-abiding 
hunter (and there are a few) would have 
to stay at home and let the other class 
do all the hunting. A night's coon hunt 
in this section will take you over the land 
of from 20 to 40 different owners, and as 
you don’t know in what direction a coon 
will run, you would have to get permits 
covering all the land in two or three 
towns. How would you like to go home 
and leave a treed coon because you didn’t 
have a permit for that land? There are 
many wood lots that I have hunted for 
years that I do not know who the owners 
are. It would take a man a week to get 
ready for a day’s hunting or fishing. 
No. I am n oitv snort. TT-ve lived 
in the country all my life, do a little farm 
to on to get reaiy cash, and until last 
M inter's slump my ambition had always 
been, to get where I had the capital to 
put in all my time on my land’. My only 
recreation is hunting and fishing, and not 
much of that, so T hate to see unreason¬ 
able laws proposed, even with good inten¬ 
tions- M. w. WARES. 
Massachusetts. 
The New York Compensation Law 
I had quite a serious accident on my 
farm last October while thrashing my 
oats. A neighbor and his son. a lad of 
17 years, were helping me in return for 
my helping with his thrashing. The 
father was feeding the machine, which 
belonged to me. end we were cleaning up 
the loose grain on the floor. The son 
had been working in the mow, helping, 
put out the oats to he thrashed and his 
father called him and told him to go 
home. The son came down on the ma¬ 
chine in front of his father, and in some 
manner got. his arm in the machine, and 
lost his arm. The case is before the 
State Industrial Commission, and two 
hearings have been held on the ease and 
adjournment to a future date. The father 
brought action to recover, claiming I am 
not a farmer, but a milk dealer. From 
my study of the compensation law it ap¬ 
pears to me the exemption of farm labor 
is very limited, and it would he much 
better if farm labor was included in the 
law. or the commission be absolutely de¬ 
nied jurisdiction in all accidents happen¬ 
ing upon farm or to farm employees. 
W. S. C. 
A Primer of Economics 
(Continued from page 678) 
profits. If the producer, however, were 
his own landlord, his own capitalist and 
his own laborer and manager, the circum¬ 
stances would not be changed. lie would 
simply pay rent, interest and wages to 
himself. In practice, however, he would 
not take 10 cents a bushel out of his re¬ 
turns for potatoes and set it aside for 
rent. He would charge his farm account 
with rent, and credit it with the full re¬ 
turns for the potatoes. Neither would he 
pay the interest on his note or mortgage 
and charge it as wages for labor spent to 
make tools, erect buildings and produce 
raw material. He would charge it up as 
interest pure and simple, and charge his 
labor item the wages actually paid to his 
own hired man. Ilis total sales would 
represent his income. From this he would 
deduct the sum total of rent, interest, 
labor and any other expense item that he 
may have, and the difference would be his 
net nrofits. 
What is the amount of the national an¬ 
nual profit? 
Only an approximate estimate can'be 
given. Prof. King estimates the total 
profits iii the United States to be $8,408.- 
100 000 for the year 1010. or 27.5 per cent 
of the total income for that year, against 
21 3 per cent in 1880. and 30 per cent in 
1SOO. His conclusions are that the drop 
in wages during the two decades from 
1800 to 1010 was due to the larger profits 
in the industries that are familiarly 
known as big interests. Since wages plus 
profit equal the selling price, the fall in 
wages must ultimately result in an in¬ 
crease of profits, and while we are lacking 
in definite statistics on the point, common 
observation and general impressions cor¬ 
roborate Prof. King’s conclusions. 
