808 
The RURAL NEW.YORKER 
June 11, 1921 
This Tractor Delivers 
More 
Three Plow Tractor 
Ever Built, But— 
HUBER 
w SUPER FOUR * 
Rated at 15-30 but showing, in official University of Nebraska 
tests 26.85 H. P. on the draw bar and 44.68 H. P. at the 
end of a 90 ft. belt the Huber Super-Four blasted all existing 
three plow tractor records. We can prove in your own field 
that it has greater reserve power, operates more economically 
and will do more hard work well in less time than any other 
tractor built. 
A Primer of Economics 
By John J. Dillon 
Part XXVIII 
Pulls Nearly Twice Its Rating 
On the Draw Bar 
The Lincoln test showed 26.85 EL P* 
at 2. 76 miles per hour. Noother 15-30 
tractor can deliver as much surplus 
power over rating. 
No Other Tractor of Similar Size Shows 
As Much Power On the Belt 
A 15-30 tractor that can deliver 44.68 
H. P. at the thresher end of a 90 ft. 
belt was unheard of until the Huber 
Super-Four made its record at Lincoln. 
The Huber Super-Four will pull the 
28x48 Huber Western Special thresher 
with all attachments as easily as the 
Light Four pulls the Huber 24x42. 
Think of it! —a real man sized outfit 
that costs fully 40% less than a steam 
threshing outfit of the same capacity. 
Highest in Power Developed 
Lowest in Fuel Consumption 
Ordinarily such excess power would 
be too expensive from a fuel standpoint 
to be practical. Not so with the Huber. 
At Lincoln, this tractor broke the econ¬ 
omy record for 15-30 tractors at rated 
ana maximum loads. It will plow an 
acre of ground cheaper than any other 
three plow tractor. 
The Super-Four used 7% less fuel per 
horse power hour than Its nearest com¬ 
petitor, and more than 24% less than 
average tractors of similar power. 
Think What Such Tractor 
Performance Means to You 
You can now own the highest powered 
tractor for its rating ever built—a three 
plow tractor that will pull three plows 
any place—a tractor that has more sur¬ 
plus power over its rating than any 
other three plow tractor. 
It means that you get in the Huber 
Super-Four EXCESS POWER 
WITHOUT EXCESS WEIGHT 
—STRENGTH—ECONOMY- 
FLEXIBILITY—and a tractor that 
will do any farm job any day in the year. 
Priced On a Pre-War Basis 
The Huber Super-Four is the result of twenty- 
two years’ experience. At last a tractor of tre¬ 
mendous power selling at a price easily within 
the reach of any farmer. 
Nowhere today will you find such remarkable 
value in tractors. We want the opportunity of 
proving in your field under your oivn conditions 
that the Huber Super-Four will do for you what 
it did at Lincoln. 
Any of our dealers will make arrangements 
for a demonstration. You owe it to yourself 
to see the Huber work and learn the price 
before you buy any tractor. 
Use the coupon today. It will bring an inter¬ 
esting report of our Lincoln test and the name 
of oup nearest dealer. 
SUPPLY AND DEMAND 
What, is the law of supply and demand? 
The volume of goods that come into the 
market and are offered for sale constitute 
the supply. The volume sought hy the 
customers at a given price makes the de¬ 
mand. If the supply exceeds the de¬ 
mand, a competition is set up between 
the vendors to sell. The price is lowered 
until enough new buyers come into the 
market to take up the whole of the sup¬ 
ply. If the demand exceeds the supply, 
competition is set up among the buyers 
and prices advance until some of the buy¬ 
ers are crowded out. and the demand re¬ 
maining just equals the supply. Some¬ 
times the falling price causes some of the 
supply to leave the market, or the in¬ 
creasing price will bring more goods to 
the market. These changes in the supply 
help equalize the supply to the demand, 
and the price is fixed at the point where 
there is just demand enough to carry 
away all the goods. When the demand 
increases, the price rises. When the de¬ 
mand disappears or diminishes, the price 
falls. If the supply decreases the price 
rises. If it increases the price will fall. 
This is the law of supply and demand. 
In all nature, two opposite forces tend 
to create an equilibrium. Heat equalizes 
cold. Resistance and inertia find a com¬ 
mon place of rest. Alkali and acid rush 
to each other and form a neutral soap. 
So, too, supply and demand tend to ap¬ 
proach each other in the commercial 
world, and to find an equilibrium which 
we call price. If competition is free, 
they will equalize each other at that point 
or price at which both supply and de¬ 
mand will, for the time being, disappear. 
Heat and cold can he held separately 
and the natural law held in suspense. 
So, too, supply and demand may be arti¬ 
ficially and arbitrarily manipulated so as 
to defeat their natural functions in trade. 
The distribution of commodities is a func¬ 
tion that is regulated entirely by society. 
It may elect to make exchanges under 
natural conditions exclusively, insuring 
to all a fair and equitable transaction, or 
it may permit such a modification and 
control of the supply or of the demand, or 
of both, as will disturb the natural order 
of things to the end that some may gain 
and others lose by the exchange. 
What constitutes the volume of supply 
or demand? 
The supply is the volume of goods ac¬ 
tually offered for exchange at a given 
time and place. The volume of demand 
is the actual purpose to buy then and 
there manifesting itself. 
Commodities that are held on railroad 
sidings, or in storage, or destroyed, or 
that are in any way out of the offering, 
form no part of the supply in the process 
of price-making. A combination of buy¬ 
ers desiring the goods, but banded to¬ 
gether to hold aloof from the market or 
the bidding form no part of the demand 
until they transform their desire into a 
real effective demand by making offerings 
for th<> goods. 
What is demand? 
Demand is a desire to possess, accom¬ 
panied with ability to pay. Desire alone 
is not enough to affect price. The bare¬ 
foot boy may have a strong desire for a 
pair of shoes, but he could create no de¬ 
mand in the shoe market until he had the 
means to satisfy his desire. He must be 
able to offer some valuable thing in ex¬ 
change for it. 
Can we always rely on the law of sup¬ 
ply and demand to regulate prices? 
If no one put artificial restraint on the 
supply or on the demand so that products 
would be offered freely, and bought freely, 
we could safely rely on the natural law 
to fix prices. Sometimes the prices may 
be loss than the cost of production, and 
sometimes above it; but the tendency 
would be to approach the cost of produc¬ 
tion. 
Dealers and speculators who cause a 
suspension of the natural law of supply 
and demand usually claim infallible pow¬ 
ers for it. Having defeated the law them¬ 
selves, they declare with great emphasis 
and with an air of final authority that 
the law of supply and demand always and 
in every circumstance regulates prices. 
That would be true if the. natural agen¬ 
cies were permitted to approach each 
other. An alkali will neutralize an acid 
and form a soap; but the two agents may 
be kept in separate, vessels under the same 
roof and there will be no chemical action. 
To make a soap, you must put them to¬ 
gether in definite quantities. 
I So with supply and demand left to 
themselves, they will equalize each other 
and fix a natural price, if they are per¬ 
mitted to approach each other in the mar¬ 
ket; but if either the supply or demand is 
kept out of the market, in whole or in 
part, the price will be fixed hy the supply 
and demand in the market, and not bv the 
goods in storage or by the buyers who 
go to a ball game. For full application 
of the law the full natural supply must be 
confronted in the open market with the 
full normal demand. Speculators and 
monopolists first establish prices by hold¬ 
ing back the supply, or by keeping buy¬ 
ers out of the market, and then depend on 
custom to move the goods on the prices 
so. established. Sometimes we make the 
mistake of attempting to correct the 
abuse by following their methods. The 
farmer needs a steady market at a fair 
price. M idely fluctuating markets do not 
serve him well. Therefore, his best in¬ 
terest is served by an open market, where 
his products are sold under the free play 
riie natural law of supply and demand. 
AYbat determines value? 
Value is determined by utility and the 
difficulty.of attainment, but this* difficulty 
varies with different classes of commodi¬ 
ties. These different classes are: 
1. Commodities which are limited in 
quantity, and the supply of which cannot 
he increased. In this class are the paint¬ 
ings and sculptures of the old masters, 
rare coins and books, historic manuscripts 
and antiques. 
2. Those commodities which can be in¬ 
creased in quantity indefinitely without 
increasing the cost, of production, such as 
man u factured produets. 
M. Those commodities the increased 
supply of which can be secured only at 
an increased cost of production, such as 
agri cu Itu ra 1 products. 
Those articles which cannot be in¬ 
creased in quantity have a monopoly 
value. A given article must, be bought 
from the owner or not at all. It must 
serve some purpose, or no one would want 
it. even if that purpose were nothing more 
than the desire to have something that 
others could not afford, or, in other words, 
the gratification of a vanity. It may, 
however, have great intrinsic value, like 
a Raphael painting, and yet the difficulty 
of attaining it may be so great that few 
could satisfy their desire to have it. 
When such an article is offered for sale, 
the difficulty of attainment becomes the 
principal factor in making the price. In 
this case, the supply is fixed, definite and 
limited. The demand is varied. Many 
buyers would take it at $1,000; there 
will be less buyers at $10,000. and still 
less as the price rises to $25,000 and 
$50,000. At $100,000 the difficulty of at¬ 
tainment may have overcome all but two 
would-be purchasers, and at the last bid 
of $101,000 they all may be retired except 
the one last and.successful bidder. Com¬ 
petition has driven the price upwards 
from one level to another until it reached 
a point where there was only one person 
willing or able to overcome the difficulty 
of attainment. At this point supply and 
demand were equal and there the price 
was established. 
The price of commodities, such as man¬ 
ufactured goods or agricultural products, 
which are produced by labor and capital, 
is ultimately regulated by cost of produc¬ 
tion. It is true that when investments 
are once made in buildings and machin¬ 
ery, lands and equipment, manufacturers 
and farmers often continue production 
for a time, even at a loss, in the hope that 
conditions may change to their benefit, 
but no one will continue indefinitely to 
produce an article for less than it costs 
to produce. In the ease of dairying and 
fruit growing, where the equipment of 
stock and trees require considerable time 
to develop, changes cannot be made with¬ 
out embarrassment and loss, but there 
will be considerable withdrawal continu¬ 
ously. and new capital and labor will not 
be attracted to the industry until the 
products of the business will pay the 
usual wages and profits from other invest¬ 
ments. It. however, takes considerable 
time for these natural causes and effects 
to work out in definite results. In the 
meantime, an increased demand or a de¬ 
creased supply will tend to raise the price 
above the natural price or cost of produc¬ 
tion, and the decreased demand or an 
increased supply will force it below this 
natural price, but the tendency with free 
competition will be to a up roach the nat¬ 
ural price under the free play of supply 
and demand. 
Naturalizing Snowshoe Rabbits 
It is reported that a near-by “sports¬ 
men” club is importing a lot of “snow- 
shoe” rabbits. Have they a right to do 
this, and are these rabbits likely to be¬ 
come a pest? j. 
Connecticut. 
There is nothing in the statute law 
which gives our Fish and Game Commis¬ 
sion power to prohibit the importation of 
snowshoe rabbits. They inform us, how¬ 
ever, that they are very much opposed to 
the introduction of these animals into 
Connecticut, as they are very destructive. 
They become a great nuisance in orchards 
or on fruit farms. 
The Huber Manufacturing Company 
Tractors Since 1898 Threshers Since 1879 .At ,,•> „ v *. 
' WW M 
Home Offices, Marion, Ohio, U. S. A. 
{ 
Think of a real man sized 
threshing oulht that costs 
fully 40 % less than a steam < 
outfit of the same capacity, s 
The 
HUBER 
MFG. CO. 
Marion, Ohio 
I would like to know 
' more about the HUBER 
s S U pcr-Four and how I can cut 
costs by using one. Also let me 
know the name of your nearest dealer. 
Name - 
R. F. D_ 
City. 
Mate 
out 
«-*G 
tt't-e r ri*» 
