851 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
experience, in comparison with this tractor, is that 
cheap oil will make an “oil hog" of a tractor as 
quickly as neglect in changing oil. I was using a 
high-grade oil costing twice asjnqch. and was using 
only about one-fourth the amount. The neighbor's 
tractor had been overhauled at the time, fitted with 
leak-proof rings, and the excessive consumption of 
oil was due to this apparently heavy oil becoming 
extremely thin under heat. Such oil is no better 
than a very light thin oil in the first place. By using 
the experience of a certain car owner I know. He 
has a high-priced machine, has purchased good oil. 
used it freely, has driven bis car only 0.000 miles, 
and now his compression is poor, he is compelled to 
Clean his spark plugs every time out with his car. 
I wondered why? He has never changed the oil in 
his crank case, he admitted, as he ran his car in for 
the Winter. lie no longer has lubricant in his crank 
case, but be has a liquid abrasive compound which 
is working with greater efficiency with every stroke 
of the motor. 
Oil is cheaper than machinery, quality oil is far 
cheaper than mediocre oil. and the oil level may be 
kept up with high-grade oil more cheaply than with 
a cheap lubricant. w. j. 
()hio. 
The accompanying sketch. Fig. 381, shows a 
method by means of which a kitchen may be supplied 
with hot and cold running water very cheaply. A 
barrel or other small tank is placed in the attic 
above the kitchen and supplied by a force pump. 
This barrel furnishes the supply for a small gravity 
sjstem. The pump may be connected up as indi¬ 
cated, must be a force pump, one capable of forcing 
water above the discharge spout, and if the spout is 
fitted with a three-way cock water may be pumped 
Water System Without Pressure. Fig. 33I 
Convenient Holder for Ringing flogs. Fig. 3.i!> 
high-grade oil the expense can be cut down one-third 
or one-lialf, and expense of overhauling, refitting 
rings and new pistons, adjusting connecting rod and 
other bearings cut in two in a period of years. 
Observe the directions of the manufacturer in the 
matter of changing oil. Some builders advise chang¬ 
ing the oil when kerosene is used after 30 hours; 
when gasoline is used, once in 40 hours. This par¬ 
ticularly applies in case of heavy hard work. Never¬ 
theless the hour work of the tractor should be borne 
in mind and the changes made. I know one tractor 
which required overhauling, oversized pistons ground 
in. as the result of the oil in the crank case not 
having been changed from the period of purchase 
until the tractor began to lose power, knock badly 
and use oil excessively. The connecting-rod bearings 
were in bad condition, and the depreciation was so 
excessive as to have made the expense of having 
changed oil look very small. In fact, oil expense 
would have been less had the oil been changed 
according to schedule. 
Tiny particles of metal chip off the motor pistons, 
and particles of Babbitt metal in con¬ 
necting-rod and crank-shaft bearings 
are cut away by the tiny particles of 
metal in the oil. There is always dilu¬ 
tion. particularly when kerosene is 
burned, and more so when cheap oil is 
used. The body of a low-grade oil be¬ 
comes thin. On the intake stroke oil 
is drawn past the piston into tin 1 com¬ 
bustion chamber, and on compression 
stroke kerosene is squeezed past into 
the crank case. As a result the tractor 
becomes an “oil hog,” and lubricant be¬ 
comes thinner as the day’s work pro¬ 
ceeds. This oil drawn from the tractor 
need not be wasted. We use it for 
lubricating farm machinery and gaso¬ 
line engines. Tf drawn off, allowed to 
settle, if a high grade oil is used, there 
need be but little expense in the matter 
of proper tractor lubrication, as the 
tractor should be credited with cash 
for this second-hand oil, and for ordi¬ 
nary uses is as good as the ordinary 
run of farm machine oil. 
Two tractor owners have told me 
they have not changed the oil in the 
transmission. This should receive at¬ 
tention as well as the motor. There 
are even greater possibilities of little 
particles of steel chipping off the gears 
than in the motor. The excessive force 
of contact between gear’s and on bear¬ 
ings will cause injury to surfaces. 
When in use particles will flake off and 
become mixed with the lubricant. The 
particles even may be microscopic, but 
each particle chips away another, and 
in the course of use there is a situation 
comparable to mixing valve grinding 
compound with your transmission 
grease. 
Change your oil according to advice 
of your tractor dealer. Don’t duplicate A St rate 
Hog-holder for Ringing Swine 
F ill. 320 shows how to accomplish easily one of 
the most disagreeable tasks on the farm—that of 
ringing hogs. This Ohio farmer has constructed in 
one corner of his hog barn a hog-hokler. made similar 
to a stanchion used for dairy cattle. One,side of 
this device is made rigid and solid, while the other 
side is movable and adjustable. Both of the clamp¬ 
ing pieces are hollowed out to admit the animal's 
head into this holder, where they can be held 
securely. The matter of placing the rings requires 
but little time, thus saving the patience of the 
operator as well as being humane to the animal. 
Mature breeding hogs are difficult to throw or tie 
up with ropes, and such a practice may result in 
permanent injury to a valuable animal. 
Wayne Co.. O. c. M. bakkr. 
Hot Water System Without Pressure 
T have a canopy steel range and boiler which I cannot 
use for want of a water system. It occurs to me that 
il I establish a hot-water radiator in the room above the 
kitchen with an expansion tank attached and connect 
with my range or boiler I ought to get results by keep 
ing sufficient water in the said tank. It would be a 
great convenience to me. as I am unable to install a 
pressure system. w. ,7. j\ 
Phoenixville, l*a. 
I SEE no reason why the plan as outlined by you 
will not work out successfully. The essential 
things to remember in planning such a system are: 
Water expands by heating, and therefore is lighter 
than cold water, and is forced to the top. and the 
circulating pipes must bo arranged to take advantage 
of this condition. Also water is practically incompres¬ 
sible. and as it expands when heated provision must be 
made for the expansion or the system will be ruined. 
fiom the cistern or well directly into the sink, 
pumped to the overhead tank or allowed to dis¬ 
charge from the tank through the spout when the 
pump is not in use. in this case acting as a faucet 
only. A small pipe connected in at the top of the 
barrel indicates when it has been pumped full and 
prevents overflow. The tank is placed over the 
range in the warmest part of the house, and is there¬ 
fore in a position to resist cold, while the shut-off 
permits draining the system if desired. 
The layout as shown can be installed by anyone, 
and at a trifling sum when compared with the ad¬ 
vantages secured from it. Another good feature 
about it is the fact that if a more pretentious system 
is wanted later practically the only thing used in 
this that need be thrown away is the barrel. The 
piping, sink. etc., will all be useful in the new in¬ 
stallation. R. H. S. 
Oats and Peas for Green Manure 
There is an article on page 77f> on handling rye for 
green manure which prompts me to ask your advice as 
to using a stand of Canada peas and oats 
for the same purpose. These were seeded 
April 10. and are just now starting bloom, 
and I wish to turn them under and plant 
sweet corn for late market as soon as 
peas and oats are ready. Corn for roast¬ 
ing ears may be planted as late as July 
20. but wish to get this as much earlier 
as possible. At what stage should peas 
and oats be plowed under? Some farmers 
here thoroughly cut. up a green manure 
crop with disk before turning under. 
Would you advise rolling land then also? 
Virginia. c. S. 
F ROM your description we should 
think that about the middle of 
June or the end of the third week 
would be a good time for plowing un¬ 
der this crop. We like to plow under 
oats and peas at about the time they 
would naturally be cut for a hay crop. 
That means when the little peas ax - e 
appearing in the pods, and at that time 
generally the oats are soft, or in what 
is known as the “milk stage.” When 
the crop is plowed under at that time 
it usually decays more rapidly then 
when left to mature. It is desirable to 
use limestone when a green crop of this 
kind is plowed under in hot weather, 
and of course the soil should be packed 
with a roller or heavy drill after the 
crop is plowed under. It is very good 
practice to chop up the cover crop with 
a disk before plowing whenever that is 
possible. This requires considerable 
power and patience in operating tlm 
disk, but it gives better results when 
the chopped vines are put under. You 
can do a better job of plowing, and the 
cut vines are more likely to decay and 
pack closer in the soil. 
berry of High Color Picking Campbell’s Early Fruit. Fig. 330 
In answer to C. Q. E.’s inquiry regard¬ 
ing his corncrib, page 248. if he will build 
his posts of concrete or wood and invert 
a tin milkpan over each post. I think his 
difficulty will be overcome, as mice can¬ 
not crawl over the inverted pan. 
B. l. w. 
