888 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
July 2, 1921 
Live Stock Matters 
Conducted By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Various Feeding Questions 
What should I feed a Jersey cow with 
calf two weeks old, a bull one year old, 
three Jersey cows just freshening, a sow 
with pigs, a boar one year old? I have 
cornstalks, Timothy hay and corn. 
New York. w. e. 
While Timothy hay does not make a 
satisfactory roughage for either dairy 
cows or bulls, it is doubtful whether you 
could sell it to advantage and purchase 
Alfalfa or clover h^y instead. I should 
prefer the cornstalks to the Timothy hay, 
especially if tbe£ arc well-cured and leafy. 
Since variety is so important in a ration 
for milking cows, you could use a 
compounded feed, carrying from 18 to 
24 per cent of protein, and use 7 lbs. 
of the mixed / and 3 lbs. of the corn- 
meal. Feed 1 of this mixture daily 
for each 3( llw. of milk produced. 
The bull can fed the same ration, 
although, of cou ■, less in quantity. If 
the three Guern^ / cows have access to 
pasture I should ® equal parts of the 
ready ration and uneal for their daily 
feed. Feed them porously of this grain 
mixture. They ought to have a better 
roughage, but they can get along very 
nicely if they have access to pasture 
grass. 
For the brood sow with her nursing 
pigs I should use a ration consisting of 
five parts of cornmeal, three parts of 
ground oats, two parts of middlings and 
one part of tankage. In addition I should 
let her have access to either pasture grass 
or some green forage, or else let her 
have Alfalfa or clover hay. For the 
boar I should use the same ration, 
minus the middlings. Here, again, it is 
not necessary to feed a growing boar as 
much grain as a brood sow nursing a 
large Utter of pigs. However, it is neces¬ 
sary to keep the hoar growing and gain¬ 
ing every day until he reaches maturity. 
Ration for Young Calves 
I have a couple of good Holstein grade 
heifer calves three days old that I aui 
anxious to raise successfully, but am ex¬ 
tremely short of spare milk. I would like 
your advice on the best feed to use. I 
can secure about eight quarts of sepa¬ 
rator milk daily for each of them, or four 
quarts of new milk, and thought I might 
use t! 's in combination with rolled-oat 
gruel and calfmeal or other grains. What 
is the best grain (dry) for a calf as soon 
as he will eat it, and the proper amount 
to feed daily? II. V. M. 
I would suggest that the Holstein 
calves in question be fed on new milk for 
the first 10 days or two weeks. Then the 
change can gradually be made from new 
milk to skim-milk by reducing the new 
milk 1 lb. per day and substituting an 
equal amount of skim-milk. The transfer 
from new milk to skim milk ought to be 
completed in eight or 10 days. Usually 
more calves are injured from overfeeding 
thau from underfeeding with skim-milk : 
hence I am sure that I should not. under 
any circumstances, feed more than seven 
or eight quarts of skim-milk per day. The 
utensils must be kept clean and sanitary 
and the calves should be supplied with 
their milk regularly. When the change 
from new milk to skim-milk is unde - 
taken, then I should secure some calf- 
meal and feed this product as directed. 
Calfmeals are in themselves complete 
feeds, but when they are fed in con unc¬ 
tion with skim-milk perhaps the best re¬ 
sults prevail. 
Concerning a suitable grain ration to 
supplement calfmeal, a mixture consisting 
of equal parts of wheat middlings, hominy 
meal, sieved oats and wheat bran with 10 
per cent of oilmeal added, has been used 
with splendid results. Smear the nose of 
the young calf with a taste of this grain 
mixture immediately following his feeding 
of milk, and you will excite his curiosity 
to such an extent that he will search 
around and locate the feed, box where 
more of this same mineral is available 
It is surprising how soon young calves 
will nibble away at choice Alfalfa or 
clover hay, and leafy products of this 
character are well suited for use in feed¬ 
ing young animals. There is very little 
to be gained by turning calves out to grass 
until they are more than six months of 
age. Grass in itself is very washy, and 
while outside quarters are usually more 
sanitary than box stalls, it has been my 
experience that youngsters do better when 
stable fed during their early growing pe¬ 
riod. As to the amount of grain to feed, 
keep a small amount of the suggested 
mixture in the feed boxes at all times, or 
provide daily such amounts as the calves 
will clean up with relish. 
Silage Questions 
I am thinking of buying a silo, and 
want to raise silage corn. Should it be 
sown with a drill or corn planter, also 
how much to the acre? When feeding 
silage how many pounds a day per cow, 
also if fed with grain? I have a Holstein 
herd of nine cows, and wish to feed to 
produce a fairly good lot of mik. Do I 
have to feed clover hay, and how many 
times a day? F. R. 
Corn intended for silage should be 
planted in rows 3 ft. G in. apart, and 
should be drilled in the row from 8 to 10 
in. apart. It should be planted with the 
corn planter, and not with the grain 
drill, as you have suggested. One of the 
best varieties is Luce’s Favorite. This is a 
variety produced extensively on Long 
Island and distributed through the Grange 
League Federation at Syracuse, N. Y. 
No doubt you can obtain same from your 
local feed or seed merchant. It is a 
variety that will mature in your section 
and will yield abundantly, provided the 
soil is productive. It should be ensiled 
when the ears are in the glazing stage, 
and under average conditions you can 
count from eight to 12 tons per acre. 
Cows "weighing over 1,000 lbs. will con¬ 
sume an average of about 35 lbs. of silage 
Iter day. This should be supplied in two 
feedings, morning and night, and the 
grain should be sprinkled over the silage 
in order to obtain the best results. 
If you propose to limit your herd to 
nine or 10 animals, then make sure that 
you do not choose a silo too great in 
diameter. Assuming that you will use 
the silage only during the Winter months, 
say during a period of seven months, and 
provided you use 35 lbs. per day, you will 
require approximately four tons of silage 
per cow, or for nine cows you should pro¬ 
vide for a capacity of 36 or 40 tons. A 
silo 10 ft. in diameter and 28 ft. high has 
a capacity of 42 tons, provided it is filled 
and refilled. On the other-hand, if you 
propose to feed silage during the entire 
year, or let us say, wish to provide a silo 
with a capacity of 74 tons, a silo 12 ft. 
in diameter and 32 ft. high will provide 
for this much silage. It is necessary to 
feed grain in conjunction with the silage 
both morning and evening, and the 
amount should vary from G to 10 lbs. per 
cow per day, depending, of course, upon 
her milk yield. If you use ready-mixed 
feed you should count on feeding 1 lb. of 
grain daily for each 3*4 lbs. of milk pro¬ 
duced per cow per day. In addition, pro¬ 
vide all of the clover hay that she will 
clean up during the middle of the day 
and let her have free access to such rough- 
age as cornstalks or corn fodder. 
reeding Idle Horse 
I have two horses which have been 
standing idle for six weeks while I was 
laid up, but are getting to work now'. 
Have two Jersey cows, one about 800 
lbs., dry, due in a short time ; one about 
1)00 lbs., now milking, but will dry her 
off. as soon as the other freshens. My 
Timothy is all fed out; have plenty of 
mixed fine hay and a little oat hay, less 
than half a ton. Am about at the end 
of my ear corn, hardly five bushels left; 
have plenty of corn and cob meal, weigh¬ 
ing only about 85 lbs. a bag, and have 
at least 20 bu. of potatoes that I cannot 
sell. They are sprouting badly. I am 
buying scratch feed and feeding it straigb' 
to the hens. I buy a dairy ration and 
mix it three parts to one of corn and cob 
meal. Am finishing the beet pulp by 
feeding it on the days that the cows 
cannot be out. Am buying oats, and feed 
the horses cob corn in the morning, pota¬ 
toes at noon and oats and hay or just 
hay in the evening, according to the next 
day’s plans. T. p. c. 
Massachusetts. 
The feeding of idle horses is a more 
complicated problem than the choosing 
of feeds for use with horses that work 
regularly every day. A safe rule to adopt 
is to reduce the grain ration by one- 
half on idle days and to feed the ani¬ 
mals in proportion to the work done. 
Oat and pea hay make a splendid combi¬ 
nation grain and roughage for horses dur¬ 
ing the Winter. It is bulky, nutritious 
and satisfying, and seldom invites indi¬ 
gestion or colic. T should limit the 
amount of hay fed horses to 1 lb. daily 
for each 100 lbs. of live weight. In other 
words, if a horse weighs 1,200 lbs., I 
should feed 12 lbs. of hay per day, mostly 
at night. A grain mixture consisting of 
30 lbs. of corn. 30 lbs. of oats, 30 lbs. of 
bran and 10 lbs. of oilmeal would serve 
your purpose, and you may feed from one 
to one and three-quarter pounds of this 
mixture per day for each 100 lbs. of live 
weight, provided the horse is doing hard 
work every day. Potatoes are ill-suited 
for use with either horses or cattle, and 
had best be used in feeding your pigs or 
chickens. It would seem that you are 
making the best use of the products you 
have at hand, and if it is necessary for 
you to purchase all of the feeds used for 
feeding either horses or cattle, I am in¬ 
clined to believe that you will get the best 
results from using one of the better grades 
of compounded feed, as they contain more 
variety and are usually more palatable. 
Sweet Clover and Silage 
1. How does Sweet clover compare with 
Alfalfa as a legume? Can it be pastured 
and cut for hay for dairy food? Does 
it taint milk? 2. Can silage be fed twice 
daily? 3. Is there any food value to oat 
straw? Can it be substituted for one 
feeding in Winter to dairy cows or 
horses? j. w. S. 
Skillman, N. J. 
1. Alfalfa is more palatable than Sweet 
clover, although there is very little differ¬ 
ence in their actual analysis. Sweet 
clover is coarser and has a large per¬ 
centage of rough stems. In certain sec¬ 
tions of the West it is gaining in popu¬ 
larity. Animals have to learn to like 
this legume, for it is bitter to the taste, 
and animals readily tire of its use if they 
do not have access to other forage. It is 
a very rank grower, is very hardy and 
vigorous and will do well under conditions 
that would not. produce Alfalfa. In your 
section I should certainly advise clinging 
to the use of Alfalfa, for it does well in 
Hunterdon County, N. J.. as you are in 
the limestone belt and the Winters are 
not severe. It can be pastured, and in 
this quality, perhaps it excels Alfalfa. 
However, it is necessary to mow down the 
clover plants several times during the 
season in order to prevent their hasten¬ 
ing on to the woody stage. I think Sweet 
clover is one of the most prompt plants 
to shoot up after being clipped that I 
know, and the forage is particularly pal¬ 
atable when the plants are young. Sweet 
clover seeds itself and must be permitted 
to blossom and seed once in two years. 
It does not taint the milk other' than 
causing a grassy flavor, the same as pre¬ 
vails with other forages of this character. 
2. Corn silage should be fed twice 
daily. An average size dairy cow will 
consume about 35 lbs. per day, half of 
which should be fed in the morning and 
half at night. If silage is plentiful it is 
well to allow the animals all that they 
will clean up with relish both morning 
and evening, and frequently the consump¬ 
tion of silage can be increased by sprink¬ 
ling the grain or moistened beet pulp 
over the silage at feeding time. 
3. While oat straw carries a high per¬ 
centage of fiber, nevertheless it can be 
used advantageously in providing a por¬ 
tion of the roughage for either dairy cows 
or idle horses. If fed in conjunction with 
Alfalfa hay it will economize somewhat 
in the ration, although it is generally be¬ 
lieved that it requires practically all of 
the energy found in oat straw to digest 
and assimilate this product. It cannot be 
relied upon exclusively for bulk or rough- 
age, but where animals are privileged to 
pick it over at leisure they do get some 
nutriment from this source. As you have 
suggested, it can be substituted for one 
feeding per day for dairy cows or idle 
horses.. It does not compare with corn 
fodder in feeding value, but if fed to dairy 
cows in conjunction with either clover 
hay or Alfalfa meal it can be utilized ad¬ 
vantageously. 
Fistula 
■ and 
Any person, however inexperienced, 
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